Abstract: A biomass pretreatment method is provided to improve the bio-digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass. This pretreatment method densifies biomass with alkaline or acidic chemical(s) to obtain densified biomass containing chemicals. Pretreatment effects are realized during densification. The chemicals in densified biomass further react with biomass during biomass storage and transportation to improve the pretreatment effects. Further treatment (e.g. stream) can also be applied to the densified biomass to achieve better effects. As chemicals are mixed well with biomass during densification and the biomass density is greatly increased, further treatment is of high efficiency and high solid loading. This pretreatment method is simple and the densified biomass with chemicals is resistant to microbial contamination/degradation and thus facilitates storage and transportation.

Abstract: An annular-irradiation high-resolution quantitative phase microimaging based on light intensity transfer equation is proposed here includes designing an annular aperture for the imaging system illumination; invoking the weak object approximation by using the parameters of annular illumination aperture and bright field microscopy to calculate a weak object optical transfer function (WOTF) on the basis of a partially coherent imaging theory; and collecting three intensity images by a camera and obtaining the quantitative phase image of object by resolving the light intensity transfer equation with a deconvolution algorithm.

Abstract: A super-rapid three-dimensional measurement method and system based on an improved Fourier transform contour technique is disclosed.

Abstract: A high-illumination numerical aperture-based large field-of-view high-resolution microimaging device, and a method for iterative reconstruction, the device comprising an LED array (1), a stage (2), a condenser (3), a microscopic objective (5), a tube lens (6), and a camera (7), the LED array (1) being arranged on the forward focal plane of the condenser (3). Light emitted by the i-th lit LED unit (8) of the LED array (1) passes through the condenser (3) and converges to become parallel light illuminating a specimen (4) to be examined, which is placed on the stage (2); part of the diffracted light passing through the specimen (4) is collected by the microscopic objective (5), converged by the tube lens (6), and reaches the imaging plane of the camera (7), forming an intensity image recorded by the camera (1). The present device and method ensure controllable programming of the illumination direction, while also ensuring an illumination-numerical-aperture up to 1.

Abstract: A super-rapid three-dimensional measurement method and system based on an improved Fourier transform contour technique is disclosed.

Abstract: Annular-irradiation high-resolution quantitative phase microimaging based on light intensity transfer equation is proposed here. First, an annular aperture is designed for the imaging system illumination. And then, by invoking the weak object approximation, the parameters of annular illumination aperture and bright field microscopy are used to calculate a weak object optical transfer function (WOTF) on the basis of a partially coherent imaging theory. Finally, three intensity images are collected by a camera and the quantitative phase image of object is obtained by resolving the light intensity transfer equation with a deconvolution algorithm. The present method effectively resolves the tradeoff between the cloudy low-frequency noise and high-frequency fuzziness in the light intensity transfer equation, and the spatial imaging resolution of phase reconstruction is greatly increased.

Abstract: A highly efficient three-dimensional image acquisition method based on multi-mode composite encoding and epipolar constraint, respectively using a fast imaging mode or a high-precision imaging mode, wherein in the fast imaging mode, two phase maps having different frequencies are obtained by four stripe gratings, and a high-frequency absolute phase is obtained by means of the epipolar constraint and a left-right consistency check, and the three-dimensional image is obtained by means of a mapping relationship between the phase and three-dimensional coordinates; and in the high precision imaging mode, two phases having different frequencies are obtained by means of N+2 stripe gratings, a low-frequency absolute phase is obtained by the epipolar constraint, and the unwrapping of a high-frequency phase is assisted by means of the low-frequency absolute phase, so as to obtain the high-frequency absolute phase, and finally, the three-dimensional image is obtained by the mapping relationship between the phase and the

Abstract: The invention relates to a silicon-based micro-machined vibratory gyroscope with an I-shaped structure, which is a measuring instrument used for measuring the angular rate perpendicular to a base, and comprises a top monocrystalline silicon, a middle monocrystalline silicon, and a bottom monocrystalline silicon; the top monocrystalline silicon being arranged with signal input and output lines is the silicon micro gyroscope packaged cover plate; the middle monocrystalline silicon is where the gyroscope mechanical structures are fabricated; the bottom monocrystalline silicon is a gyroscope substrate with fixed pedestals; the middle monocrystalline silicon layer is sealed in a closed cavity formed by top and bottom monocrystalline silicon layers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dye-salt separation membrane and a preparation method thereof. The method includes the following steps: firstly pouring an aqueous phase solution containing tannic acid and anhydrous piperazine on a surface of a polysulfone-based ultrafiltration base membrane at a mass ratio of the tannic acid to the anhydrous piperazine of 1:2 to 2:1, followed by complete infiltration, and draining the aqueous phase solution; and then pouring an organic phase solution of trimesoyl chloride on the surface of the base membrane, and draining the organic phase solution to obtain the dye-salt separation membrane. The method of the present invention is simple and easy to implement, and the dye-salt separation membrane prepared by the method has a relatively high solution permeability, an efficient dye retention and permeability of inorganic salts, thereby achieving an excellent dye-salt separation effect.

Abstract: The invention discloses a programmable annular LED illumination-based high efficiency quantitative phase microscopy imaging method, the proposed method comprising the following steps: the derivation of system optical transfer function in a partially coherent illumination imaging system; the derivation of phase transfer function with the weak object approximation under the illumination of tilted axially symmetric coherent point illumination source; the extension of illumination from an axially symmetric coherence point source to a discrete annular point source, and the optical transfer function can be treated as an incoherent superposition of each pair of tilted axially symmetric coherent point sources. The acquisition of raw intensity dataset; the implementation of deconvolution for quantitative phase reconstruction.

Abstract: A highly efficient three-dimensional image acquisition method based on multi-mode composite encoding and epipolar constraint, respectively using a fast imaging mode or a high-precision imaging mode, wherein in the fast imaging mode, two phase maps having different frequencies are obtained by four stripe gratings, and a high-frequency absolute phase is obtained by means of the epipolar constraint and a left-right consistency check, and the three-dimensional image is obtained by means of a mapping relationship between the phase and three-dimensional coordinates; and in the high precision imaging mode, two phases having different frequencies are obtained by means of N+2 stripe gratings, a low-frequency absolute phase is obtained by the epipolar constraint, and the unwrapping of a high-frequency phase is assisted by means of the low-frequency absolute phase, so as to obtain the high-frequency absolute phase, and finally, the three-dimensional image is obtained by the mapping relationship between the phase and the

Abstract: A TiAl intermetallic compound single crystal material and a preparation method therefor are disclosed. The alloy composition of the material comprises TiaAlbNbc(C, Si)d, wherein 43?b?49, 2?c?10, a+b+c=100, and 0?d?1 (at. %).

Abstract: The invention relates to a silicon-based micro-machined vibratory gyroscope with an I-shaped structure, which is a measuring instrument used for measuring the angular rate perpendicular to a base, and comprises a top monocrystalline silicon, a middle monocrystalline silicon, and a bottom monocrystalline silicon; the top monocrystalline silicon being arranged with signal input and output lines is the silicon micro gyroscope packaged cover plate; the middle monocrystalline silicon is where the gyroscope mechanical structures are fabricated; the bottom monocrystalline silicon is a gyroscope substrate with fixed pedestals; the middle monocrystalline silicon layer is sealed in a closed cavity formed by top and bottom monocrystalline silicon layers.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ultrafiltration membrane comprising a sulfone polymer membrane matrix with pores and an organic polymer sealing layer, wherein the pores are filled with nanoadsorbents. The present invention further provides a method for preparing the ultrafiltration membrane, which includes the following steps: (1) synthesizing nanoadsorbents; (2) preparing the sulfone polymer membrane matrix by immersion-precipitation phase inversion; and (3) immobilizing nanoadsorbents in the pores of the sulfone polymer membrane matrix by reverse filling, then sealing the pores with organic polymers to form a multifunctional ultrafiltration membrane. In the present invention, colloidal gold, polyethylene glycol molecules and Pb(II) ions (and so forth) are utilized as models of viruses, macromolecular organic pollutants, and small molecular pollutants, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ultrafiltration membrane comprising a sulfone polymer membrane matrix with pores and an organic polymer sealing layer, wherein the pores are filled with nanoadsorbents. The present invention further provides a method for preparing the ultrafiltration membrane, which includes the following steps: (1) synthesizing nanoadsorbents; (2) preparing the sulfone polymer membrane matrix by immersion-precipitation phase inversion; and (3) immobilizing nanoadsorbents in the pores of the sulfone polymer membrane matrix by reverse filling, then sealing the pores with organic polymers to form a multifunctional ultrafiltration membrane. In the present invention, colloidal gold, polyethylene glycol molecules and Pb(II) ions (and so forth) are utilized as models of viruses, macromolecular organic pollutants, and small molecular pollutants, respectively.