Abstract: Provided is an improved method for forming a battery comprising a cathode and electrolyte. The method of forming the cathode comprises forming a first solution comprising a digestible feedstock of a first metal suitable for formation of a cathode oxide precursor and a multi-carboxylic acid. The digestible feedstock is digested to form a first metal salt in solution wherein the first metal salt precipitates as a salt of deprotonated multi-carboxylic acid thereby forming an oxide precursor and a coating metal is added to the oxide precursor. The oxide precursor is heated to form the coated lithium ion cathode material. The electrolyte is void of salts and additives.

Abstract: An improved method for the formation of lithium metal phosphate cathode material is provided. The process comprises: forming a first aqueous suspension comprising a first molar concentration of Li+ and a second molar concentration of PO43?; forming a second aqueous suspension comprising a metal source wherein the metal source comprises at least one iron source selected from the group consisting of Fe2O3, FeOOH and Fe3O4 and an organic acid, organic alcohol or salt of an organic acid; wherein iron of the iron source is present in a third molar concentration; combining the first aqueous suspension and the second aqueous suspension and allowing a precipitate to form; drying the precipitate; and calcining the precipitate thereby forming the lithium iron phosphate cathode material having a formula represented by LiMPO4/C wherein the lithium iron phosphate cathode material comprises up to 3 wt % carbon.

Abstract: A process for forming an active cathode material. The process comprises forming a precursor comprising a lithium salt and a multi-carboxylic acid salt of at least one of nickel, manganese or cobalt; heating the precursor in a metal lined vessel to a temperature of no more than 600° C. to form an intermediate material; and heating the intermediate material to a temperature of over 600° C. to form said active cathode material.

Abstract: Provided is an improved method for forming a coated lithium ion cathode materials specifically for use in a battery. The method comprises forming a first solution comprising a digestible feedstock of a first metal suitable for formation of a cathode oxide precursor and a multi-carboxylic acid. The digestible feedstock is digested to form a first metal salt in solution wherein the first metal salt precipitates as a salt of deprotonated multi-carboxylic acid thereby forming an oxide precursor and a coating metal is added to the oxide precursor. The oxide precursor is heated to form the coated lithium ion cathode material.

Abstract: A stabilized lithium ion cathode material comprising a calcined manganese oxide powder wherein the manganese on a surface is MnPO4, comprises an manganese phosphate bond, or the phosphate is bonded to the surface of the cathode material.

Abstract: An improved process for forming a lithium metal phosphate cathode material, a precursor to the cathode material and a battery comprising the cathode material is described. The process comprising: forming an first aqueous solution comprising a first molar concentration of Li+and a second molar concentration of PO43?; forming a second aqueous solution comprising organic acid or a salt of an organic acid and a metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Mn and Co wherein said metal is present in a third molar concentration; allowing a precipitate to form; drying the precipitate; and calcining the precipitate thereby forming the lithium metal phosphate cathode material having a formula represented by LiMPO4/C wherein the lithium metal phosphate cathode material comprises up to 3 wt % carbon.

Abstract: A method of forming an improved calcined lithium metal oxide is provided wherein the metal comprises at least one of nickel, manganese and cobalt. The method comprises forming a first solution in a first reactor wherein the first solution comprises at least one first salt of at least one of lithium, nickel, manganese or cobalt in a first solvent. A second solution is formed wherein the second solution comprises a second salt of at least one of lithium, nickel, manganese or cobalt in a second solvent wherein the second salt is not present in the first solution. A gas in introduced into said first solution to form a gas saturated first solution. A second solution is added to the gas saturated first solution without bubbling to form a lithium metal salt. The lithium metal salt dried and calcined to form the calcined lithium metal oxide.

Abstract: Provided is an improved method for forming lithium ion cathode materials specifically for use in a battery. The method comprises forming a first solution comprising a digestible feedstock of a first metal suitable for formation of a cathode oxide precursor and a multi-carboxylic acid. The digestible feedstock is digested to form a first metal salt in solution wherein the first metal salt precipitates as a salt of deprotonated multi-carboxylic acid thereby forming an oxide precursor. The oxide precursor is heated to form the lithium ion cathode material.

Abstract: A stabilized lithium ion cathode material comprising a calcined manganese oxide powder wherein the manganese on a surface is MnPO4, comprises an manganese phosphate bond, or the phosphate is bonded to the surface of the cathode material.

Abstract: A compound MjXp which is particularly suitable for use in a battery prepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology wherein: Mj is at least one positive ion selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals and j is an integer representing the moles of said positive ion per moles of said MjXp; and Xp, a negative anion or polyanion from Groups IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA and VIIA and may be one or more anion or polyanion and p is an integer representing the moles of said negative ion per moles of said MjXp.

Abstract: A compound MjXp which is particularly suitable for use in a battery prepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology wherein: Mj is at least one positive ion selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals and j is an integer representing the moles of said positive ion per moles of said MjXp; and Xp, a negative anion or polyanion from Groups IIIA, IV A, VA, VIA and VIIA and may be one or more anion or polyanion and p is an integer representing the moles of said negative ion per moles of said MjXp.

Abstract: A method of forming a battery with improved properties is provided. The battery has a cathode material prepared by the complexometric formulation methodology comprising MjXp wherein: Mj is at least one positive ion selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals and n represents the moles of positive ion per mole of MjXp; and Xp is a negative anion or polyanion selected from Groups IIIA, IV A, VA, VIA and VIIA and may be one or more anion or polyanion and p representing the moles of negative ion per moles of MjXp. The battery has a discharge capacity at the 1000th discharge cycle of at least 120 mAh/g at room temperature at a discharge rate of 1 C when discharged from at least 4.6 volts to at least 2.0 volts.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for forming a precursor to a lithium metal oxide. An improved lithium metal oxide formed by calcining the precursor is also provided. The process includes providing lithium bicarbonate in a first aqueous mixture. The lithium bicarbonate is then reacted with metal acetate thereby forming a second aqueous mixture comprising metal carbonate, lithium acetate, acetic acid and water wherein the acetic acid is neutralized with lithium hydroxide thereby forming a first mixture comprising metal carbonate and lithium acetate. The first mixture is separated into a second mixture and a third mixture wherein the second mixture comprises the metal carbonate and a first portion of lithium acetate with metal carbonate and lithium acetate being in a predetermined molar ratio. The third mixture comprises a second portion of lithium acetate. The second mixture is dried thereby forming the precursor comprising metal carbonate and lithium acetate in the predetermined molar ratio.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for forming a precursor to a lithium metal oxide. An improved lithium metal oxide formed by calcining the precursor is also provided. The process includes providing lithium bicarbonate in a first aqueous mixture. The lithium bicarbonate is then reacted with metal acetate thereby forming a second aqueous mixture comprising metal carbonate, lithium acetate, acetic acid and water wherein the acetic acid is neutralized with lithium hydroxide thereby forming a first mixture comprising metal carbonate and lithium acetate. The first mixture is separated into a second mixture and a third mixture wherein the second mixture comprises the metal carbonate and a first portion of lithium acetate with metal carbonate and lithium acetate being in a predetermined molar ratio. The third mixture comprises a second portion of lithium acetate. The second mixture is dried thereby forming the precursor comprising metal carbonate and lithium acetate in the predetermined molar ratio.

Abstract: A battery with improved properties is provided. The battery has a cathode material prepared by the complexometric formulation methodology comprising MnXp wherein: Mj is at least one positive ion selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals and n represents the moles of said positive ion per mole of said MjXp; and Xp is a negative anion or polyanion selected from Groups IIIA, IV A, VA, VIA and VIIA and may be one or more anion or polyanion and p representing the moles of said negative ion per moles of said MjXp. The battery has a discharge capacity at the 1000th discharge cycle of at least 120 mAh/g at room temperature at a discharge rate of 1 C when discharged from at least 4.6 volts to at least 2.0 volts.

Abstract: A compound MjXp which is particularly suitable for use in a battery prepared by the complexometric precursor formulation methodology wherein: Mj is at least one positive ion selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals and j is an integer representing the moles of said positive ion per moles of said MjXp; and Xp, a negative anion or polyanion from Groups IIIA, IV A, VA, VIA and VIIA and may be one or more anion or polyanion and p is an integer representing the moles of said negative ion per moles of said MjXp.

Abstract: A method of forming a powder MjXp wherein Mj is a positive ion or several positive ions selected from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or transition metal; and Xp is a monoatomic or a polyatomic anion selected from Groups IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA or VIIA; called complexometric precursor formulation or CPF. The method includes the steps of: providing a first reactor vessel with a first gas diffuser and an first agitator; providing a second reactor vessel with a second gas diffuser and a second agitator; charging the first reactor vessel with a first solution comprising a first salt of Mj; introducing gas into the first solution through the first gas diffuser, charging the second reactor vessel with a second solution comprising a salt of Mp; adding the second solution to the first solution to form a complexcelle; drying the complexcelle, to obtain a dry powder; and calcining the dried powder of said MjXp.