Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for forming a uniform, large scale nanoparticle coating on a substrate. The apparatus comprises a source of vaporised metal nanoparticles. The apparatus further comprises a first plate (20) providing an array of spaced apart first apertures (22). The apparatus further comprises a second plate (24) aligned with and spaced apart from the first plate (20). The second plate (24) provides an array of spaced apart second apertures 26. Each second aperture (26) of the second plate (24) is aligned with a first aperture (22) of the first plate (20).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of and apparatus for forming a magnetic structure on a substrate and a magnetic structure formed by such a process and apparatus. The magnetic structure comprises a matrix in which magnetic particles are embedded. The apparatus for forming the magnetic structure on the substrate comprises a source of matrix deposits the matrix material onto the substrate to form the matrix, and comprises a source of magnetic particles which deposit the magnetic particles onto the matrix as the matrix forms to embed the magnetic particles in the matrix. Each magnetic particle comprises a core covered with a layer of metal, at least one of the matrix material and the core is of ferromagnetic material and the core and the layer of metal are of different materials.