Abstract: Described herein are techniques that, in some embodiments, leverage a detected change in capacitance of a sensor to indicate the presence of matter proximate the sensor. In some embodiments, buildup of matter at a sensor surface may contribute to a change in capacitance between a control terminal of the sensor and a channel of the sensor, such as by changing an effective dielectric constant between the control terminal and the semiconductor channel. Advantageously, noise charges may contribute less or not at all to such a change in capacitance, such as by having less or no impact on the effective dielectric constant. As such, in some embodiments, measuring a change in capacitance of a sensor may provide a more accurate indication of buildup of matter at a sensor surface than a detection of charge buildup at the sensor.

Abstract: Described herein are techniques that, in some embodiments, bias a sensor using an alternating current (AC) signal having a carrier frequency and a modulation frequency to detect the presence of matter proximate the sensor. In some embodiments, an AC current flowing in the sensor may be measured to detect the presence of matter proximate the sensor. In some embodiments, the carrier frequency may be based on an electrochemical interface at a surface of the sensor, and the modulation frequency may be based on a characteristic of a semiconductor channel of the sensor. Advantageously, detection techniques performed in this manner may, in some embodiments, mitigate impacts of the electrochemical interface and/or the semiconductor channel on measurement accuracy.

Abstract: Sensors having an advantageous design and methods for fabricating such sensors are generally provided. Some sensors described herein comprise pairs of electrodes having radial symmetry, pairs of nested electrodes, and/or nanowires. Some embodiments relate to fabricating electrodes by methods in which nanowires are deposited from a fluid contacted with a substrate in a manner such that it evaporates and is replenished.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods of sensing electrical characteristics of a sensor are generally provided. Measurement devices described herein employ techniques for improved sensitivity when sensing electrical characteristics of a sensor. In some aspects, measurement devices described herein may be configured to reduce the impact of current noise generated in components of a measurement system when sensing electrical characteristics of the sensor. The techniques described herein may facilitate the inclusion of larger sense resistors in measurement devices, which increases the sensitivity of the system. In some aspects, such techniques may also facilitate coupling the sensor between the measurement device and ground when sensing the electrical characteristics for improved protection against overvoltage events such as electrostatic discharge (ESD).

Abstract: Sensors having an advantageous design and methods for fabricating such sensors are generally provided. Some sensors described herein comprise pairs of electrodes having radial symmetry, pairs of nested electrodes, and/or nanowires. Some embodiments relate to fabricating electrodes by methods in which nanowires are deposited from a fluid contacted with a substrate in a manner such that it evaporates and is replenished.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods of sensing electrical characteristics of a sensor are generally provided. Measurement devices described herein employ techniques for improved sensitivity when sensing electrical characteristics of a sensor. In some aspects, measurement devices described herein may be configured to reduce the impact of current noise generated in components of a measurement system when sensing electrical characteristics of the sensor. The techniques described herein may facilitate the inclusion of larger sense resistors in measurement devices, which increases the sensitivity of the system. In some aspects, such techniques may also facilitate coupling the sensor between the measurement device and ground when sensing the electrical characteristics for improved protection against overvoltage events such as electrostatic discharge (ESD).

Abstract: Sensors having an advantageous design and methods for fabricating such sensors are generally provided. Some sensors described herein comprise pairs of electrodes having radial symmetry, pairs of nested electrodes, and/or nanowires. Some embodiments relate to fabricating electrodes by methods in which nanowires are deposited from a fluid contacted with a substrate in a manner such that it evaporates and is replenished.

Abstract: Sensors having an advantageous design and methods for fabricating such sensors are generally provided. Some sensors described herein comprise pairs of electrodes having radial symmetry, pairs of nested electrodes, and/or nanowires. Some embodiments relate to fabricating electrodes by methods in which nanowires are deposited from a fluid contacted with a substrate in a manner such that it evaporates and is replenished.

Abstract: Sensors having an advantageous design and methods for fabricating such sensors are generally provided. Some sensors described herein comprise pairs of electrodes having radial symmetry, pairs of nested electrodes, and/or nanowires. Some embodiments relate to fabricating electrodes by methods in which nanowires are deposited from a fluid contacted with a substrate in a manner such that it evaporates and is replenished.

Abstract: Sensors having an advantageous design and methods for fabricating such sensors are generally provided. Some sensors described herein comprise pairs of electrodes having radial symmetry, pairs of nested electrodes, and/or nanowires. Some embodiments relate to fabricating electrodes by methods in which nanowires are deposited from a fluid contacted with a substrate in a manner such that it evaporates and is replenished.

Abstract: Sensors having an advantageous design and methods for fabricating such sensors are generally provided. Some sensors described herein comprise pairs of electrodes having radial symmetry, pairs of nested electrodes, and/or nanowires. Some embodiments relate to fabricating electrodes by methods in which nanowires are deposited from a fluid contacted with a substrate in a manner such that it evaporates and is replenished.

Abstract: Sensors having an advantageous design and methods for fabricating such sensors are generally provided. Some sensors described herein have pairs of electrodes having radial symmetry, pairs of nested electrodes, and/or nanowires. Some embodiments relate to fabricating electrodes by methods in which nanowires are deposited from a fluid contacted with a substrate in a manner such that it evaporates and is replenished.

Abstract: Sensors having an advantageous design and methods for fabricating such sensors are generally provided. Some sensors described herein comprise pairs of electrodes having radial symmetry, pairs of nested electrodes, and/or nanowires. Some embodiments relate to fabricating electrodes by methods in which nanowires are deposited from a fluid contacted with a substrate in a manner such that it evaporates and is replenished.

Abstract: Sensors having an advantageous design and methods for fabricating such sensors are generally provided. Some sensors described herein comprise pairs of electrodes having radial symmetry, pairs of nested electrodes, and/or nanowires. Some embodiments relate to fabricating electrodes by methods in which nanowires are deposited from a fluid contacted with a substrate in a manner such that it evaporates and is replenished.

Abstract: Sensors having an advantageous design and methods for fabricating such sensors are generally provided. Some sensors described herein comprise pairs of electrodes having radial symmetry, pairs of nested electrodes, and/or nanowires. Some embodiments relate to fabricating electrodes by methods in which nanowires are deposited from a fluid contacted with a substrate in a manner such that it evaporates and is replenished.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods of sensing electrical characteristics of a sensor are generally provided. Measurement devices described herein employ techniques for improved sensitivity when sensing electrical characteristics of a sensor. In some aspects, measurement devices described herein may be configured to reduce the impact of current noise generated in components of a measurement system when sensing electrical characteristics of the sensor. The techniques described herein may facilitate the inclusion of larger sense resistors in measurement devices, which increases the sensitivity of the system. In some aspects, such techniques may also facilitate coupling the sensor between the measurement device and ground when sensing the electrical characteristics for improved protection against overvoltage events such as electrostatic discharge (ESD).

Abstract: Sensors having an advantageous design and methods for fabricating such sensors are generally provided. Some sensors described herein comprise pairs of electrodes having radial symmetry, pairs of nested electrodes, and/or nanowires. Some embodiments relate to fabricating electrodes by methods in which nanowires are deposited from a fluid contacted with a substrate in a manner such that it evaporates and is replenished.

Abstract: Sensors having an advantageous design and methods for fabricating such sensors are generally provided. Some sensors described herein comprise pairs of electrodes having radial symmetry, pairs of nested electrodes, and/or nanowires. Some embodiments relate to fabricating electrodes by methods in which nanowires are deposited from a fluid contacted with a substrate in a manner such that it evaporates and is replenished.

Abstract: Sensors having an advantageous design and methods for fabricating such sensors are generally provided. Some sensors described herein comprise pairs of electrodes having radial symmetry, pairs of nested electrodes, and/or nanowires. Some embodiments relate to fabricating electrodes by methods in which nanowires are deposited from a fluid contacted with a substrate in a manner such that it evaporates and is replenished.