Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for producing particles of organic substances, in particular nanoparticles and microparticles of active pharmaceutical ingredients, wherein the particles are collected in the aid of an extension member engaged to a collection chamber and positioning a nozzle.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices and methods for dissolving sample substances such as drug molecules. Also disclosed is use of the method for device for testing dissolution rates of the sample substances. It utilizes lyophilic matrices that create conditions for discriminating the dissolved sample substance from undissolved sample substances. This is aimed at preventing dispersion of the undissolved sample substance to avoid any substantial membrane effects.

Abstract: An artifact for determining resolution of imaging based on electromagnetic radiation, mechanical waves, or both is presented. The artifact includes a substrate and layers on top of the substrate. The layers include organic material and are stacked on each other in a partially overlapping way so that an edge of a first one of the layers is arranged to intersect with an edge of a second one of the layers. The layers constitute a three-dimensional surface topography where a groove defined by the edges of the first and second ones of the layers is tapering towards a point of intersection between the edges. The resolution is a minimum width of the tapering groove which is revealed by the imaging so that a pre-determined criterion is fulfilled.