Abstract: A multifunctional material composition functioning as a halogen-free flame-retardant finish combined with in certain implementations one or both of antimicrobial and insect-repellant is nanomanufactured by the absorption/adsorption of metallic salts with one or more additional compounds by inorganic crystallites. The identity of the additional compounds is determined by the desired functionality of the substrate. The material composition can be chemically and mechanically applied to substrates (e.g. to cotton, nylon, and polyester based textile fabrics), for example, to yield durable antimicrobial, insecticidal, and environmentally friendly flame retardant materials. The addition of nano-scale metallic deposits to a phosphorous-rich and nitrogen-rich architecture complex improves the flame retardant properties of the substrates.

Abstract: Open-architecture constituents, such as wood fibers, are coated with an intercalated functional material and bound together to form a solid product, such as a plank. Applications for this material include decking, fencing, and the like. The functional material is applied prior to forming the solid product, either as a coating on each fiber or inserted in a fiber or fiber cluster. As the constituents, such as fibers, wear during use of the product, the functional material is released to provide continual protection of the product, such as UV resistance and fungal resistance.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention may include a macro-composition with a special structure. The structure includes a layered macro-composition made of a nanoparticle as an inner nucleus, an intermediate layer around the nucleus, and an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer. A plurality of the layered macro-compositions is bonded together by bonds, so that each layered macro-composition is bonded to at least one other such layered macro-composition. Embodiments include a macro-composition made of three 3-layered macro-compositions joined in a chain by two bonds. These macro-composition assemblies may take the shape of layered macro-compositions bonded together in chains, or forming other shapes, such as rings. The layered macro-composition may be no more than about 100 nanometers in size, for example. The bonds of the complex macro-composition may have an average length of no more than about 100 nanometers, for example.

Abstract: A method for forming a stand-alone wafer or a coating on a substrate uses a composite of cubic boron nitride (cBN) particles and other materials, such as nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, oxides, and metallic phase materials. The wafer or coating may be formed of a thickness up to about 1000 microns for improved wear life. The density of material within the wafer or coating may be varied according to desired parameters, and a gradient of particle sizes for the cBN may be presented across the thickness of the material.

Abstract: A high-strength coating for dental and orthopedic implants utilizing hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles provides for a high level of osseointegration through a range of surface pore sizes in the micro- to nanoscale. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles may be incorporated with the HAp nanoparticles to form a composite coating material, with ZnO providing infection resistance due to its inherent antimicrobial properties. A textured surface, consisting of “islands” of roughly square coating structures measuring about 250 ?m on a side, with spacing of 50-100 ?m therebetween, may further promote the osseointegration and antimicrobial properties of the implant coating.

Abstract: An adherent coating for carbide and ceramic substrates employs a thin layer between the substrate and a subsequent layer or layers. The thin layer may be employed without thermal cracking due to heat during use, such as for the insert of a cutting tool, because the upper layer or layers provide a gradual transition of material properties to a harder, less thermally conductive material on the outermost layer. A particular arrangement of layers on the carbide or ceramic substrate may be, from innermost to outermost layer, hafnium nitride, titanium carbide, aluminum oxide, and titanium nitride.

Abstract: A cutting tool formed by a coating layer on a substrate has cutting edges that feature serrations. The linear dimensions of the serrations may vary from a few nanometers up to 10 microns. The serrations result in a smoother cut edge on the workpiece, particularly when the workpiece is formed of certain materials that are seen as particularly difficult to cut, such as hardened steels.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention may provide textured surfaces to be lubricated, the texturing to enhance the effectiveness of the intended nano-lubrication. The texturing may make asperities and depressions in the surface to be lubricated. This texturing may be executed, for example, by chemical etching, laser etching, or other techniques. This texturing may create locations in the lubricated surface to hold or anchor the intended nano-lubricants, to facilitate the creation of a tribo-film on the surface when the lubricated surface is used under pressure, and resulting in delivery of multiple chemistries from the nano-lubricant.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention may include a macro-composition with a special structure. The structure includes a layered macro-composition made of a nanoparticle as an inner nucleus, an intermediate layer around the nucleus, and an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer. A plurality of the layered macro-compositions is bonded together by bonds, so that each layered macro-composition is bonded to at least one other such layered macro-composition. Embodiments include a macro-composition made of three 3-layered macro-compositions joined in a chain by two bonds. These macro-composition assemblies may take the shape of layered macro-compositions bonded together in chains, or forming other shapes, such as rings. The layered macro-composition may be no more than about 100 nanometers in size, for example. The bonds of the complex macro-composition may have an average length of no more than about 100 nanometers, for example.

Abstract: A physical configuration of multiple-layer coatings formed with at least one layer of coating containing cubic born nitride (cBN) particles with one or more layers in composite form containing cBN particles may have a thickness of each individual layer as thin as in the nanometer range, or as thick as in the range of a few microns and even up to tens of microns. The chemistry of the composite layer consists of any individual phase of (a) nitrides such as titanium nitride (TiN), titanium carbonitride (TiCN), and hafnium nitride (HfN); (b) carbides such as titanium carbide (TiC); and (c) oxides such as aluminum oxide (Al2O3) or any combination of the above phases, in addition to cBN particles. The coating or film can be stand-alone or on a substrate.

Abstract: A method of depositing particles onto a substrate utilizes a liquid dispersant into which the particles are introduced prior to spraying upon the surface. The ratio of the particles to the dispersant, as well as the volume of the dispersant, may be used to control the density of the particles that result on the substrate after spraying.

Abstract: A method for forming a stand-alone wafer or a coating on a substrate uses a composite of cubic boron nitride (cBN) particles and other materials, such as nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, oxides, and metallic phase materials. The wafer or coating may be formed of a thickness up to about 1000 microns for improved wear life. The density of material within the wafer or coating may be varied according to desired parameters, and a gradient of particle sizes for the cBN may be presented across the thickness of the material.

Abstract: Compositions having a plurality of nanoparticles and nano-sheets are disclosed. Methods of making and using the compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A cutting tool formed by a coating layer on a substrate has cutting edges that feature serrations. The linear dimensions of the serrations may vary from a few nanometers up to 10 microns. The serrations result in a smoother cut edge on the workpiece, particularly when the workpiece is formed of certain materials that are seen as particularly difficult to cut, such as hardened steels.

Abstract: Methods for creating coatings composed of a single material or a composite of multiple materials, beginning with ESC to deposit the base layer and then using other methods for the binding step beyond CVI. Also, for certain materials and applications, some pre-processing or pre-treatment of the coating materials is necessary prior to deposition in order to achieve a satisfactory coating. This application discloses methods for pre-deposition treatment of materials prior to ESC deposition. It also discloses methods for post-processing that provide additional functionality or performance characteristics of the coating. Finally, this application discloses certain apparatus and equipment for accomplishing the methods described herein.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention may include a macro-composition with a special structure. The structure includes a layered macro-composition made of a nanoparticle as an inner nucleus, an intermediate layer around the nucleus, and an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer. A plurality of the layered macro-compositions is bonded together by bonds, so that each layered macro-composition is bonded to at least one other such layered macro-composition. Embodiments include a macro-composition made of three 3-layered macro-compositions joined in a chain by two bonds. These macro-composition assemblies may take the shape of layered macro-compositions bonded together in chains, or forming other shapes, such as rings. The layered macro-composition may be no more than about 100 nanometers in size, for example. The bonds of the complex macro-composition may have an average length of no more than about 100 nanometers, for example.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention may provide textured surfaces to be lubricated, the texturing to enhance the effectiveness of the intended nano-lubrication. The texturing may make asperities and depressions in the surface to be lubricated. This texturing may be executed, for example, by chemical etching, laser etching, or other techniques. This texturing may create locations in the lubricated surface to hold or anchor the intended nano-lubricants, to facilitate the creation of a tribo-film on the surface when the lubricated surface is used under pressure, and resulting in delivery of multiple chemistries from the nano-lubricant.

Abstract: A method of depositing particles onto a substrate utilizes a liquid dispersant into which the particles are introduced prior to spraying upon the surface. The ratio of the particles to the dispersant, as well as the volume of the dispersant, may be used to control the density of the particles that result on the substrate after spraying.