Abstract: A switchable window apparatus capable of being placed in a transparent condition in which light passes through the window unobstructed, and in an obstructed condition in which light passing through the window is obstructed by an optical element in the window. The switchable window apparatus is placed in the transparent state by contacting a lens element with a material of matching refractive index, and placed in the obstructed state by contacting the lens element with a material with a non-matching refractive index.

Abstract: A method of whitening teeth, including an application of functionalized calcium phosphate additives generated via a solid-state method. The additives were produced by placing predetermined amounts of inorganic and inorganic materials and milling media into a vessel rotatably connected to a turntable platform, an amount of an organic material into the vessel, rotating the vessel in a first direction while turning the turntable platform in a second direction counter to the first direction, with the resultant material defining the functionalized calcium phosphate. The inorganic material may include calcium phosphates of varying phases, structure, and composition. The organic material may include anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, neutral surfactants, carboxylic acids, polymers, copolymers, block copolymers, and combinations thereof. Once produced, the additives were added to comestibles, such as in confectionery and foodstuff formats, for delivery to the teeth and dental structures.

Abstract: A solid state method of encouraging the physical interfacing of an organic component to a substantially crystalline inorganic component, including adding predetermined amounts of a substantially crystalline inorganic precursor and a predetermined amount of an organic precursor to yield an admixture, maintaining the admixture in a substantially liquid-free environment, and impacting the precursors together with sufficient energy to fuse the precursors into hybrid compounds. The so-formed hybrid compounds substantially retain the long range crystalline order characteristics of the substantially crystalline inorganic precursor.

Abstract: A solid-state method of producing functionalized moieties, including placing predetermined amounts of inorganic and inorganic materials and milling media into a vessel rotatably connected to a turntable platform, an amount of an organic material into the vessel, rotating the vessel in a first direction while turning the turntable platform in a second direction counter to the first direction, milling the inorganic and organic materials into smaller respective organic and inorganic particles, and fusing portions of organic particles to inorganic parties to define functionalized moieties. The inorganic material may include calcium phosphates of varying phases, structure, and composition. The organic material may include anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, neutral surfactants, carboxylic acids, polymers, copolymers, block copolymers, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides films and substrates coated with films that comprise a nano-crystalline diamond matrix that is substantially free of graphite inclusions. The present invention also provides a method of chemical vapor deposition to prepare the films. The method of chemical vapor deposition operates at a DC bias voltage that substantially precludes the formation of a plasma ion capable of causing a region of a nano-crystalline diamond matrix within a forming film to allotrope when the plasma ion collides with the film.

Abstract: The present invention provides films and substrates coated with films that comprise a nano-crystalline diamond matrix that is substantially free of graphite inclusions. The present invention also provides a method of chemical vapor deposition to prepare the films. The method of chemical vapor deposition operates at a DC bias voltage that substantially precludes the formation of a plasma ion capable of causing a region of a nano-crystalline diamond matrix within a forming film to allotrope when the plasma ion collides with the film.

Abstract: The present invention provides films and substrates coated with films that comprise a nano-crystalline diamond matrix that is substantially free of graphite inclusions. The present invention also provides a method of chemical vapor deposition to prepare the films. The method of chemical vapor deposition operates at a DC bias voltage that substantially precludes the formation of a plasma ion capable of causing a region of a nano-crystalline diamond matrix within a forming film to allotrope when the plasma ion collides with the film.