Abstract: The present invention relates to a low alloy, low to medium carbon content, high strength, and high ductility steel composition. The present invention contains relatively low nickel content, yet exhibits high performance characteristics and is manufactured at a substantially lower cost than alloy compositions containing high levels of nickel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low alloy, low to medium carbon content, high strength, and high ductility steel composition. The present invention contains relatively low nickel content, yet exhibits high performance characteristics and is manufactured at a substantially lower cost than alloy compositions containing high levels of nickel.

Abstract: A low alloy steel, designated 0301 (Khare IV) steel, that may be used for making pipe molds with high hardenability, high ductility and high toughness are described, the steel consisting essentially of from about 0.16% to about 0.22% carbon, about 0.60% to about 0.90% manganese, about 0.50% to about 0.65% silicon, about 0.015% maximum phosphorus, about 0.015% maximum sulfur, about 2.25% to about 2.55% chromium, about 0.40% to about 0.50% molybdenum, about 0.55% to about 0.65% nickel, about 0.03% to about 0.08% vanadium, and balance essentially iron.

Abstract: A low alloy steel, designated 0303 (Khare V) steel, that may be used for making pipe molds with high hardenability, high ductility and high toughness are described, the steel consisting essentially of from about 0.16% to about 0.22% carbon, about 1.00% to about 1.50% manganese, about 1.15% to about 1.45% silicon, about 0.015% maximum phosphorus, about 0.015% maximum sulfur, about 0.80% to about 1.10% chromium, about 0.20% to about 0.30% molybdenum, about 0.50% maximum nickel, about 0.03% to about 0.08% vanadium, and balance essentially iron.

Abstract: An interrupted normalize heat treatment process for ferritic alloy steel that includes the steps of rapidly cooling at least the outer surfaces of the steel from a temperature above the Ac temperature to a temperature below the Ar, temperature and during subsequent air cooling to room temperature reheating the outside surfaces of the ferritic alloy steel back above the Ar, temperature by bleed back heat from the steel, and forming an as interrupting normalized workpiece having substantially bainitic structures.

Abstract: A ferritic alloy steel that may be used for making very large pipe molds with high ductility and high toughness for centrifugally casting pipe with an inside diameter that may exceed 40 inches, the steel consisting essentially of from about 0.12% to about 0.18% carbon, about 0.70% to about 0.95% manganese, about 0.008% maximum phosphorous, about 0.008% maximum sulphur, about 0.20% to about 0.35% silicon, about 1.05% to about 1.25% nickel, about 1.85% to about 2.25% chromium, about 0.60% to about 0.75% molybdenum, about 0.03% to about 0.08% vanadium, and balance essentially iron.

Abstract: A process for making multi-section bomb casings of high strength alloy steel at a reasonable production rate that have the strength and fracture properties of single-piece casings, with the sections being joined using friction welding techniques.

Abstract: An interrupted normalization heat treatment process for ferritic alloy steel that includes the steps of rapidly cooling at least the outer surfaces of the steel from a temperature above the Ac.sub.3, temperature to a temperature below the Ar.sub.1, temperature and during subsequent air cooling to room temperature reheating the outside surfaces of the ferritic alloy steel back above the Ar.sub.1, temperature by bleed back heat from the steel, tempering the air cooled workpiece, and forming an as interrupting normalized workpiece having substantially bainitic structures.

Abstract: A ferritic alloy steel with high ductility and high toughness, and a controlled microstructure for making pipe molds for centrifugally casting pipe consisting essentially of from about 0.12% to about 0.22% carbon, about 0.40% to about 0.80% manganese, about 0.025% maximum phosphorus, about 0.025% maximum sulphur, about 0.15% to about 0.40% silicon, about 0.00% to about 0.55% nickel, about 0.80% to about 1.20% chromium, about 0.15% to about 0.60% molybdenum, about 0.03% to about 0.08% vanadium, and balance essentially iron.

Abstract: A ferritic alloy steel with high ductility and high toughness, and a controlled microstructure for making pipe molds for centrifugally casting pipe consisting essentially of from about 0.12% to about 0.22% carbon, about 0.4% to about 0.80% manganese, about 0.025% maximum phosphorus, about 0.025% maximum sulphur, about 0.15% to about 0.40% silicon, about 0.00% to about 0.55% nickel, about 0.80% to about 1.26% chromium, about 0.15% to about 0.60% molybdenum, about 0.03% to about 0.08% vanadium, and balance essentially iron.

Abstract: A ferritic alloy steel for roller caster shells with high heat resistance to heat checking or cracking used in continuously roll casting aluminum into sheets consisting essentially of from 0.45% to 0.49% carbon, 0.90% to 1.00% manganese, 0.010% maximum phosphorus, 0.002% maximum sulphur, 0.15% to 0.35% silicon, 1.20% to 1.50% nickel, 1.20% to 1.45% chromium, 0.80% to 1.00% molybdenum, 0.15% to 0.20% vanadium, 0.08% maximum rare earth, and balance essentially iron.

Abstract: A process for producing large section, large mass forged sleeves of alloy 625 comprising forming the workpiece from large, diameter ingots of alloy 625 or from hot isostatically pressed alloy 625 powder, saddle forging the workpiece, mandrel forging the workpiece, thermal treating the workpiece and finish machining the workpiece.

Abstract: A process for producing large section, large mass cylindrical sleeves of alloy 625 by employing full length saddle forging techniques comprising forming the workpiece into a full length member, saddle forging the workpiece, air cooling the forging to room temperature following saddle forging, thermal treating and annealing the forging and finish machining the forging to form the finished large section, large mass cylindrical sleeve of alloy 625.

Abstract: A process for producing large section, large mass forged sleeves from large diameter ingots of alloy 625 comprising the steps of cutting the ingot to produce the workpiece, trepanning the workpiece and facing the ends of the workpiece, saddle forging the workpiece, mandrel forging the workpiece, thermal treating the workpiece and finish machining the workpiece.

Abstract: A process for producing large section, large mass cylindrical sleeves of alloy 625 by employing full length saddle forging technique comprising forming the workpiece by forging it into a full length member, trepanning the member to form the workpiece, saddle forging the workpiece, air cooling the forging to room temperature following saddle forging, thermal treating and annealing the forging and finish machining the forging to form the finished large section, large mass cylindrical sleeve of alloy 625.

Abstract: Apparatus for the cooling of articles which have been subjected to an isostatic pressing process is provided. The apparatus includes an injector system which is connected with a fresh gas supply conduit, and with passages along which the gases are drawn from the interior of the apparatus by the injector system, all in such a manner that a circulation of gas can be maintained in the pressure chamber, primarily between the top and bottom regions of the apparatus.

Abstract: A pipe mold for centrifugally casting pipe is disclosed. The pipe mold according to the present invention is made by depositing weld material on a rigid shell. The rigid shell is obtained by forming a flat plate into a cylinder and welding the resultant seam. Additional rigid shells can be circumferentially welded together to obtain a desired length. The welded seams are areas of weakness called metallurgical notches. To eliminate the metallurgical notches, weld material is deposited on the shell. In one embodiment, weld material is deposited on the outside of the shell. The shell then is machined away. The resultant pipe mold has a total wall thickness comprising weld material and is free of metallurgical notches. In addition, the need for furnace heat-treatment to achieve properties in the weld material can be eliminated.

Abstract: A method for induction hardening through hardened chromium-molybdenum hot work die steel comprising the steps of induction heating to a uniform temperature above the upper critical temperature, cooling, and double tempering at temperatures below the lower critical temperature to produce a workpiece having a tough core and a hard wear resistant surface. An apparatus is provided for induction hardening long workpieces with minimum distortion by providing an inductor coil which always remains centered around the workpiece during induction coil traverse. Mandrel bars for tube piercing mills can be induction hardened using this process and apparatus.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for machining a pre-selected contour in a surface of a workpiece, such as an end face of the workpiece. The workpiece is rotated on a lathe about its longitudinal axis and a cutting tool, mounted on a movable cross slide of the lathe, is positioned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the workpiece for cutting a contour into the workpiece end face. A probe, also mounted on the cross slide, is positioned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a pattern for continual contact with the outer surface of the pattern, which is being rotated about its longitudinal axis. Upon rotation of the pattern and workpiece and movement of the cross slide, the probe moves towards and away from the longitudinal axis of the pattern in accordance with a change in the distance from the point of probe contact with the pattern outer surface to the longitudinal axis of the pattern.

Abstract: The disclosed invention describes an apparatus and method for bringing a system having high interactive portions to a predetermined temperature distribution. The invention includes a difference controller which provides, through two separate drivers, a fixed total amount of energy to the system being controlled. If the system being controlled also has a long cycle time, second and third temperature controllers may be used to bring the system to the equilibrium temperature with a minimum amount of overshoot. The invention is particularly advantageous when used in connection with a high pressure, high temperature vessel useful in growing quartz crystals.