Abstract: A mechanical testing device has a rigid frame and a piezo translator connected to the frame. A Wheatstone bridge is connected to the translator to produce an electrical signal related to the compression of the translator, wherein a sample positioned between the piezo translator and the frame is subjected to loads by the movement of the translator. A sensor detects the force applied to the sample by the piezo translator, and produces a signal indicative of the force. A computer receives the Wheatstone bridge electrical signal and the signal indicative of the force applied to the sample. The computer controls the advancement of the translator to allow the application of precise amounts of compression to the sample.

Abstract: The system provides frame means, mechanical loading means, electronic control means and perfusion chamber means in which an accurately cut human or animal trabecular bone sample can be maintained in a viable state for an extended period. A chamber is provided which permits perfusion of the trabecular bone sample with suitable media. Mechanical means are provided for loading of the sample under controlled specified conditions. Second messenger and growth factors may be collected from the perfusion chamber effluent to enable study of samples under a wide variety of perfusion and loading conditions. The system allows viability of the sample to be maintained for in excess of 14 days and permits the study of rate of bone formation and the rate of resorption of trabecular bone.

Abstract: Adjustable hand grips for an elastic exercise cable are provided by resilient hollow balls through which the cable is laced passing in holes which lie in at least two planes which intersect within each grip.