Abstract: An object is to enhance the difficulty in decrypting ciphertext. In order to do input into an encryption algorithm that receives plaintext to output ciphertext, a particular plaintext detector for detecting that the plaintext satisfying a predetermined condition is inputted, the particular plaintext detector includes: a receiving part for receiving the plaintext; a counter part for separating a predetermined part from a bit string forming the plaintext into a fixed part and a remaining part into a variable part, counting the inputted plaintext having a value of the fixed part included in a set of values of the fixed parts at every set of the values of the fixed parts formed of 1 or a plurality of the values of the fixed parts, and storing it as a separate count; and a detecting part for outputting a detection signal when at least one of the separate counts exceeds a predetermined number.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide, for a wireless communication system originally having a calling function, a wireless communication system enabling an audio communication service or the like which requires a calling function, and to provide a wireless communication system which reduces power consumption of a wireless terminal when it is in a standby mode. A communication party, which is a calling side, a network to which the communication party is connected, and a wireless LAN base station, a pager base station, and a pager controller which are connected to the network, and a PC, which is a wireless communication terminal, constitute the present invention. The PC includes a wireless LAN card and a pager card 2. This forms the present invention.

Abstract: A transmission method with compensation for fading distortion or frequency offset distortion in digital communications using pilot signals, comprises the steps of: receiving modulated radiofrequency signals, demodulating the digital signals carried by said radiofrequency signals, extracting pilot signals from the received radiofrequency signals or demodulated digital signals, finding a spectrum of the extracted pilot signals, finding fading components or frequency-offset components from said spectrum, and using one of these components to compensate the received radiofrequency signal or estimate the original digital signal from the demodulated digital signals.

Abstract: A layer 2 switch network system includes a terminal, an edge switch, and a Radius server that notifies the edge switch of a temporary MAC address allocated to the terminal. The edge switch stores therein swap data for associating the temporary MAC address with a real MAC address. When receiving a MAC frame from the terminal, the edge switch replaces the real MAC address of a source set in the MAC frame with the temporary MAC address of the source. When transmitting a MAC frame to the terminal, the edge switch replaces the temporary MAC address of a destination set in the MAC frame with the real MAC address of the destination.

Abstract: A reference local oscillation signal transmission station 1 radiates a reference local oscillation signal to a service zone. A portion of the signal received by each radio slave station terminal 2 is branched and fed to an injection locked oscillator 6. As a result, a local oscillation signal which is synchronized with the reference local oscillation signal is obtained. In the slave station terminal 2, the thus-obtained local oscillation signal is fed to a transmission frequency converter (mixer) 7 and a reception frequency converter (mixer) 8. An IF band transmission modulated signal is fed to the mixer 7 for frequency conversion to a radio frequency band, and the thus-obtained radio-frequency modulated signal is transmitted. Meanwhile, a received radio-frequency modulated signal is fed to the mixer 8 for down conversion, and the thus-obtained signal is fed to an IF band demodulator 10 so as to restore an information signal.

Abstract: A transmitter 1 transmits from a transmission antenna 7 a mixture signal containing a radio-frequency (RF)-band modulated signal, and a portion of power of a local oscillation signal used for frequency conversion. Meanwhile, a receiver 8 detects the transmitted signal by means of a reception antenna-detection section 9. In the reception antenna-detection section 9, a plurality of base unit reception circuits 11 are disposed. Each base unit reception circuit 11 includes a planar printed antenna 12 such as a patch antenna, an amplifier circuit 13 formed on a very small planar circuit by means of an MMIC technique, and a mixer circuit 14 serving as a square-law detector. Respective outputs of the base unit reception circuits 11 are power-mixed and fed to the IF signal demodulation section. The IF signal demodulation section 10 demodulate reception data.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method of effectively producing a nano-particle and a nano-wire, and others. Specifically, the present invention provides a method of producing a molecular device including: the use of a molecular structure having a higher atomic density in the periphery than in the interior and bonding residues in the periphery; and a step of crosslinking the bonding residues, and the method of producing a molecular device according to claim 1, characterized in that the molecular structure is constituted by a skeleton portion having a skeleton structure, and a terminal portion which is arranged in the outer shell of the skeleton portion, has a higher atomic density than that of the skeleton portion and has bonding residues; and that in the step of crosslinking the bonding residues, the bonding residues in the terminal portion of the molecular structure are crosslinked to form the molecular structure into a shell structure, and others.

Abstract: A wireless communication system according to the invention is to perform communication with a terminal station at a radio frequency higher than a millimeter wave band. The wireless communication system includes, as transmission devices to the terminal station, a center station device which forms a baseband signal to the terminal station and a plurality of access point devices which receive delivered signals from the center station device and emit radio waves to the terminal station. Cover areas of the access point devices partially overlap to constitute a service area to the terminal station by all the cover areas. In this manner, a frequency higher than a millimeter wave band is applied to wireless communication to the terminal station to make it possible to widen the service area.

Abstract: To demultiplex a low-speed optical pulse signal from a high-speed optical pulse signal, an optical clock generator generates an optical clock of a control wavelength ?p at a predetermined frequency out of a pulse signal light of a signal wavelength ?s. On one side of a saturable absorber, an optical band reflection mirror is disposed to reflect a light of the signal wavelength ?s and to transmit a light of the control wavelength ?p. A pulse signal light of the signal wavelength ?s reciprocates in the saturable absorber. An optical pulse of the pulse signal light of the signal wavelength ?s enters the saturable absorber almost simultaneously with different optical pulses of the optical clock on the ways of going and returning. The saturable absorber has a transmission factor relative to the signal wavelength ?s. The transmission factor varies as the saturable absorber absorbs a light of the control wavelength ?p.

Abstract: Each of a transmitter (1) and a receiver (2) divides temporarily-shared data into one or more purification blocks and one or more disposable blocks, and mixes each purification block so as to enlarge a Hamming distance between corresponding purification blocks being held by the transmitter (1) and the receiver (2) by using a Hamming distance amplification effect. The transmitter (1) Vernam-encrypts the mixed data with the disposable data and transmits the mixed data to the receiver (2), and the receiver (2) decrypts the received Vernam-encrypted data by using a disposable block owned thereby, and compares the Hamming distance between the purification block owned thereby with the mixed data with a predetermined value so as to judge whether each purification block can be shared between the transmitter (1) and the receiver (2).

Abstract: Apparatus for outputting a sequence of vectors includes a first storage that stores vector x having a dimension of at least 1. A first calculator calculates vector function x?=f(x) which utilizes a first rational vector map f to which the stored vector x is input. A second storage stores vector y having a dimension of at least 1. A second calculator calculates vector function y?=g(x, y) which utilizes a second rational vector map g to which the stored vectors x and y are input. An output outputs vector z? which is an association of the resultant vectors x? and y?. A first update updates the first storage by storing the resultant vector x? and a second update updates the second storage by storing the resultant vector y?.

Abstract: This invention includes a wireless transmitter comprising an IF-signal generator that modulates input signals into those of an intermediate frequency band, signal distributors that distribute signals from the IF-signal generator, and a plurality of signal-transmission units that convert the signals distributed by the signal distributors into those of a radio frequency band, and then transmit the converted radio signals. The invention also includes a wireless receiver that receives the radio-frequency-band modulated signals and restores the signals of the intermediate frequency band. In this way, effective diversity is realized and signal interruptions are prevented. In addition, a handy, low-cost wireless communications system is provided.

Abstract: External energy is fed to N-[3-{3,5-bis{3,5-bis[3,5-bis(4-mercaptobenzylthio)benzylthio]benzylthio}benzyloxy}-propionyl-4-nitro-1-naphthylamine (18a) being a molecule capable of photosensitization as an intermediate excitation medium, fixed on support (12) of a metal, so as to photosensitized molecule of excited triplet state (18b), thereby inducing an excited triplet energy transfer from this photosensitized molecule to first molecule (28a) having a residue capable of bonding. The first molecule (28b) having thus been excited by the excited triplet energy transfer is bonded with second molecule (30) having a residue capable of bonding which is a bonding object to be bonded with the first molecule.

Abstract: A method of appropriately adjusting a bias signal of an optical modulator is provided. For an optical modulator provided with a first sub Mach-Zehnder waveguide, a second sub Mach-Zehnder waveguide and a main Mach-Zehnder waveguide, a predetermined signal is supplied to the main Mach-Zehnder waveguide, and bias signals supplied to the first and second Mach-Zehnder waveguides are adjusted so as to lower an amplitude of an output light of the main Mach-Zehnder waveguide.

Abstract: Incident signal beam pulses are transmitted by an on-state region, and an optical path for the signal beam pulses is spatially switched in an optical switch. Signal beam pulses transmitted by the on-state region of the optical switch are detected at a pixel corresponding to a transmitting region of a photo-detector equipped with a plurality of pixels. A timing computation unit acquires position information of a pixel at which a predetermined signal beam pulse has been detected, on the basis of a result of the detection conducted by the photo-detector, and computes timing of arrival of a predetermined signal beam pulse at the optical switch on the basis of the position information of the pixel and time when a region corresponding to the pixel is brought to an on-state.

Abstract: A system including a site specifying portion for receiving an identifier of a base site that becomes the basis of a displayed presentation and receives an identifier of a compared site displayed in a language different from that of the base site, a base page specifying portion that specifies a base page from the base site, a language converting portion that consolidates words of different languages into a single language, an aggregated word information producing portion that produces information for comparing the base page, a related page specifying portion that specifies a related page similar to the base page from among each compared page based on the word information of the base page and the word information of each compared page, and a display controlling portion that presents the related page together with the base page on the same display screen.

Abstract: In addition to irradiating examination light toward the inside of the bead of the subject and detecting the examination light reflected from the head: structural data indicating the head structure, wherein the head is divided into multiple materials and the various materials are further divided into multiple elements, are stored in a structural data storage unit set up in a specified region of memory; the optical properties of the aforementioned elements are calculated from a given specified initial value; the hemodynamics inside the brain of the subject are calculated based on the optical properties thereof, and the aforementioned initial values are taken to be the optical properties when the light intensity signal values, provisionally calculated from optical properties under the assumption that the optical properties are uniform for each of the aforementioned materials, are in a fixed range of the actually measured light intensity signal values.

Abstract: An optical SSB modulator capable of appropriately adjusting a phase difference of light in the MZ waveguides and automatically adjusting a voltage impressed to the bias adjustment electrodes is provided. The above-mentioned object is achieved by an optical SSB modulator (1) provided with a first sub Mach-Zehnder waveguide (MZA) (2), a second sub Mach-Zehnder waveguide (MZB) (3), a main Mach-Zehnder waveguide (MZC) (4), a first bias adjustment electrode (DCA electrode) (5), a second bias adjustment electrode (DCB electrode) (6), a first modulation electrode (RFA electrode) (7), a second modulation electrode (RFB electrode) (8) and a third bias adjustment electrode (DCC electrode) (9), wherein either one of or both of output portions (10, 11) of the MZA and the MZB have an X-branching form, and specifically having one of light paths of the X-branching connected to a photodetector.

Abstract: The present invention is a wireless communications system for simultaneously establishing a basic access network and a wireless access network using at least two kinds of wireless communication networks. In the basic access network, there are executed signaling communication for obtaining available network information based on the position information of a terminal and communication by SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) for executing exchange of a subscribe request signal between terminals and negotiation of communication. This arrangement makes it possible to connect between terminals by a media application on peer to peer.

Abstract: An observation unit of an authentication apparatus and an observation unit of an authentication target apparatus observe a radio wave from a common radio star at a common observation time. A sending unit sends information message including information on the observed radio wave, and an information reception unit receives it. An estimation unit estimates a position of the authentication target apparatus based on “the information on the radio wave observed by the observation unit” and “information on the radio wave observed by the observation unit”. A retaining unit pre-retains positions of one or more authentication target apparatus(s). A determination unit checks whether a position of the authentication target apparatus pre-retained in the retaining unit and the estimated position correspond within a predetermined error range, and settles authentication for the information message as a success in a case where the positions correspond.