Abstract: Provided is a stilbazolium derivative represented by the general formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 independently represent hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, or amino; R5 represents hydrogen or alkyl; X represents oxygen or NR6 (R6 is hydrogen or alkyl); and Y? represents an anion. In the general formula (I), some or all of hydrogens maybe deuterium.

Abstract: Provided is a polychlorinated biphenyl-decomposing composition obtained according to a method comprising respectively culturing at least one main microbial strain belonging to Comamonas species and having biphenyl dioxygenase, and at least one complementary microbial strain selected from the group consisting of Pseudomonas species, Achromobacter species, Rhodococcus species and Stenotrophomonas species and having biphenyl dioxygenase, and mixing at least two types of microbial cells recovered from each of the culture media. A composition containing these compounded microorganisms is useful for efficiently decomposing or detoxifying comparatively low concentrations of PCBs present in large amounts in waste products contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls.

Abstract: To provide an organic electroluminescent element that can attain efficiency improvement by forming an electron injection layer by a film that is stable and excellent in uniformity, and forming a charge generation layer capable of effectively exhibiting the function. In an organic electroluminescent element provided with at least one organic layer between a pair of electrodes, an electron injection layer comprising a ZnO-containing layer, and a charge generation layer containing an electron acceptor-containing film in contact with the cathode side thereof and an electron donor-containing film adjacent thereto are formed.

Abstract: In a coating-type electron injection layer or electron transport layer using a metal oxide, the present invention aims at improving uniformity or stability of composition distribution and adhesion with another adjoining constituent layer, and improving film forming property, to thereby provide an organic electronic device and manufacture of the device whose efficiency is improved. In the organic electronic device having one pair of electrodes on a substrate, and having at least one organic layer between the electrodes, the electron injection layer or the electron transport layer is formed by application of a liquid material in which an alkaline metal salt and zinc-oxide nano particles are dissolved in alcohol.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel and non conventional process for producing coated silver fine particles by the so-called amine complex decomposition process, and also provides coated silver fine particles produced by the process. The process includes a first step of forming a complex compound including a silver compound and an alkylamine by mixing (1) a silver compound capable of generating metal silver by thermal decomposition, (2) an alkylamine, and (3) at least one alcoholic compound having a solubility in water and/or a compound having at least one of a carbon-heteroatom multiple bond and a heteroatom-heteroatom multiple bond in the molecule, and a second step of generating silver fine particles coated with a protecting layer including the alkylamine by thermal decomposition of the complex compound.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence (EL) device includes a charge generating layer including a charge generating material or a hole injection layer including a hole injection material, the charge generating material or the hole injection material including a 1,2-closo-carborane compound represented by the following Formula 1: wherein each Ar1 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.

Abstract: In a coating-type electron injection layer or electron transport layer using a metal oxide, the present invention aims at improving uniformity or stability of composition distribution and adhesion with another adjoining constituent layer, and improving film forming property, to thereby provide an organic electronic device and manufacture of the device whose efficiency is improved. In the organic electronic device having one pair of electrodes on a substrate, and having at least one organic layer between the electrodes, the electron injection layer or the electron transport layer is formed by application of a liquid material in which an alkaline metal salt and zinc-oxide nano particles are dissolved in alcohol.