Abstract: Naturally flame resistant cotton fiber is provided. The naturally flame resistant cotton fiber of the present invention is used to produce fabric that complies with flammability safety regulations without application of a flame retardant chemical, or with application of reduced amounts of flame retardant chemical compared to fabric made from known cotton fiber. The flame resistant cotton fiber of the present invention can be used to produce articles of manufacture including garments, linens, mattresses and upholstery such as that used in home furnishings, motor vehicles and airplanes. Naturally flame resistant colored cotton fiber is provided that can be advantageously used to produce fabric and articles of manufacture that are not treated with chemical dyes or fire retardants. Cotton plant varieties that produce naturally flame resistant cotton fiber, as well as methods for the breeding and selection of these varieties, are provided.