Abstract: Various aspects of this disclosure relate to a composition, comprising a liquid phase that comprises a plurality of cations, an anion, a molecule, a base, and a solvent, wherein the plurality of cations, the anion, the molecule, and the base are solutes that are dissolved in the solvent; each cation of the plurality of cations is a metal cation or an ammonium cation; the molecule is a cannabinoid; the solvent is not water; the solvent has a solubility in water at 37 degrees Celsius of at least 25 grams per liter; each cation of the plurality of cations has a net charge of 1, 2, or 3; the anion has a net charge of ?1; the molecule lacks a net charge; the base has a net charge of ?1; the composition has a molar concentration for the anion, the molecule, the base, and each cation of the plurality of cations; the composition has an equivalent concentration for each cation of the plurality of cations, which is equal to the molar concentration of a cation multiplied by the net charge of the same cation; the composi

Abstract: Various aspects of this disclosure relate to gas phase methods to decarboxylate cannabinoid carboxylic acids.

Abstract: Various aspects of the disclosure relate to methods and systems for extracting plant oil from plant material. A system may comprise a microwave emitter, an extraction chamber, and a cooling chamber. Microwave radiation emitted by the microwave emitter may dielectrically heat a microwave absorbing agent, which may heat the plant oil of the plant material. Plant oil of the plant material may be volatized in the extraction chamber and may be directed into the cooling chamber to be condensed.

Abstract: Various aspects of this disclosure relate to a composition, comprising a liquid phase that consists of chemical species that comprise tetrahydrocannabinol, one or more flavyliums, and a solvent, wherein each chemical species of the liquid phase has a concentration in the liquid phase; the tetrahydrocannabinol is dissolved in the liquid phase at a concentration of at least 0.1 percent and no greater than 8 percent by mass; each flavylium of the one or more flavyliums is a substituted 2-phenylchromenylium that consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; the solvent is miscible with water; and the liquid phase comprises the solvent at a greater concentration by mass than any other chemical species of the liquid phase.

Abstract: Various aspects of this disclosure relate to a composition, comprising a liquid phase that consists of chemical species that comprise tetrahydrocannabinol, one or more flavyliums, and a solvent, wherein each chemical species of the liquid phase has a concentration in the liquid phase; the tetrahydrocannabinol is dissolved in the liquid phase at a concentration of at least 0.1 percent and no greater than 8 percent by mass; each flavylium of the one or more flavyliums is a substituted 2-phenylchromenylium that consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; the solvent is miscible with water; and the liquid phase comprises the solvent at a greater concentration by mass than any other chemical species of the liquid phase.

Abstract: Various aspects of this patent document relate to the rapid purification of cannabinoids by vaporization and condensation.

Abstract: Various aspects of this patent document relate to a method to extract an oil from a plant material using an apparatus by first exposing the plant material to a heated gas stream at a temperature sufficient to volatilize the oil from the plant material, and then rapidly cooling the gas stream to liquefy the oil.

Abstract: Various aspects of this patent document relate to the rapid purification of cannabinoids by vaporization and condensation.

Abstract: This patent document discloses compositions comprising novel combinations of cannabinoids, terpenes, and thermal degradation products that can be obtained, for example, by the vapor-phase decarboxylation of a cannabis extract.

Abstract: Various aspects of this disclosure relate to gas phase methods to decarboxylate cannabinoid carboxylic acids.

Abstract: This disclosure generally relates to gas-phase methods to simultaneously purify and decarboxylate cannabinoids in about two seconds, which are about 100-10,000 times more efficient than conventional purification and decarboxylation strategies. The methods also recover thermolabile cannabinoids such as cannabigerol at significantly higher yields than conventional methods.

Abstract: Various aspects of this patent document relate to bioactive compositions comprising anions that are converted into hydrophobic bioactive molecules either ex vivo prior to administration to a subject or in situ subsequent to administration to a subject. Such compositions display improved bioavailability and pharmacokinetics relative to compositions that comprise the hydrophobic bioactive molecules instead of the anions.

Abstract: This patent document describes excipients that allow certain bioactive agents that exist as hydrophobic molecules to be reformulated as anions that display improved hydrophilicity, which can improve the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of broad classes of pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: Various aspects of the disclosure relate to compositions comprising a liquid phase that comprises a cannabinoid anion, wherein the cannabinoid anion is the conjugate base of a cannabinoid molecule, and the cannabinoid molecule has an acid dissociation constant in water of at least 50 femtomolar and no greater than 50 nanomolar for conversion of the cannabinoid molecule into the cannabinoid anion.

Abstract: This disclosure generally relates to gas-phase methods to distill molecules from a composition that is suspended in a gas.

Abstract: Various aspects of the disclosure relate to compositions comprising 2-[(1R,6R)-6-isopropenyl-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3-hydroxy-5-pentylphenolate and 2-[(1R,6R)-6-isopropenyl-3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol.

Abstract: Various aspects of this patent document relate to methods of administering cannabinoid anions to treat various health conditions.

Abstract: Various aspects of this patent document relate to compositions and methods to purify cannabinoids by crystallization in a water-miscible liquid.

Abstract: Various aspects of this disclosure relate to a composition, comprising a liquid phase that consists of chemical species that comprise a solvent and solutes, wherein: each solute of the solutes is dissolved in the solvent of the liquid phase; each chemical species of the liquid phase has a concentration by mass in the liquid phase; the concentration by mass of the solvent in the liquid phase is greater than the concentration by mass of each solute of the liquid phase; the solvent is glycerol; the solutes comprise a cannabinoid; the liquid phase has a pressure and temperature; the cannabinoid has a solubility in glycerol at the pressure and temperature; the concentration by mass of the cannabinoid in the liquid phase is greater than the solubility of the cannabinoid in glycerol at the pressure and temperature; the composition is formulated for oral consumption; and the composition comprises at least 0.1 and no greater than 6 food calories per gram of the composition.

Abstract: Various aspects of this patent document relate to a method to extract an oil from a plant material using an apparatus by first exposing the plant material to a heated gas stream at a temperature sufficient to volatilize the oil from the plant material, and then rapidly cooling the gas stream to liquefy the oil.