Abstract: In an optical switching system, a method for providing redundant out of band communication. The method includes receiving an update of information from a network; and calculating route information based upon the update of information. The method updates route forwarding information based upon the route information in a first volatile memory location; and updates route forwarding information based upon the route information in a second volatile memory location.

Abstract: An integrated circuit and mirror device. The device includes a first substrate comprising a plurality of electrode groups, wherein each of the groups comprises a plurality of electrodes. A mirror array is formed on a second substrate. Each of the mirrors on the array has a mirror surface being able to pivot about a point (e.g., fixed point, region) in space. Each of the mirrors has a backside surface operably coupled to one of the electrode groups. A bonding layer mechanically couples the first substrate to the second substrate, whereupon the backside surface of each mirror faces one of the electrode groups. The device also has a drive circuitry coupled to each electrode groups. The drive circuitry is configured to apply a voltage to any one of the electrodes in each of the electrode groups. The drive circuitry is disposed in the first substrate and being adapted to pivot each of the mirror faces about the point in space.