Abstract: The present disclosure proposes methods, devices, systems, and computer programs for creating a permit. In more details, the method comprising the steps of receiving a request comprising a first permit identifier, wherein the first permit identifier identifies a first permit, and obtaining a first permit data based on the first permit identifier wherein the first permit data comprises data indicative of at least one permission and wherein the at least one permission provides an indication of one or more actions a holder of the first permit can take and/or what the holder of the first permit is allowed to do, wherein the request is a request to create a further permit and the request comprises data indicative of a further permit.

Abstract: A computer implemented method of using a blockchain to coordinate data transfer over a P2P network. The method comprises obtaining a second hash value, wherein the second hash value is generated by hashing at least a data request with a first hash function to generate a first hash value and then hashing at least the first hash value with a second hash function to obtain the second hash value. The data request is associated with the target data item. A primary request transaction is submitted to a blockchain network, wherein the primary request transaction comprises the second hash value and one or more first outputs, each first output being locked to a respective public key associated with a respective P2P node connected to the requesting P2P node. The target data item is obtained from the target P2P node.

Abstract: A method of generating a blockchain transaction comprising: generating a transaction comprising a locking script comprising a first shared hash value (HV) generated by applying a hash function (HF) to a second shared HV, wherein the second shared HV is generated by applying a HF to a combination of the respective public keys, and wherein the locking script is configured to require an unlocking script to comprise a target public key, a target signature, and an intermediate HV generated based on all but one of the respective public keys, apply the HF to the target public key to generate a target HV, combine the target HV and the intermediate HV to generate a target second shared HV, apply the HF to the target second shared HV to generate a target first shared HV, an verify that the target first HV matches the first shared HV, and verify the target signature.

Abstract: The invention provides a secure method for exchanging entities via a blockchain. The invention incorporates tokenisation techniques, and also techniques for embedding metadata in a redeem script of a blockchain transaction.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of generating a respective signature share of a digital signature for signing a message, wherein the method is performed by a first participant of the group and comprises: obtaining at least the threshold number of respective participant indexes, wherein the obtained respective participant indexes comprises a first participant index associated with the first participant; generating a private key index, wherein the private key index is generated based on a hash of a combination of the obtained respective participant indexes; generating a second common private key of the first hierarchical key structure; and generating a first signature share of the digital signature.

Abstract: A method of communicating a secret between a sender and a recipient is disclosed. The method comprises sending information identifying secrets selectable by the recipient and receiving a first public key of an elliptic curve cryptography system, corresponding to a first secret selected for access by the recipient and for which a first private key is accessible to the recipient. A second public key is received, corresponding to a second secret not selected for access by the recipient, wherein a corresponding second private key is not available to the recipient. First and second secrets encrypted by means of the respective first and second public keys are sent to the recipient, wherein the first secret is accessible to the recipient by means of the first private key, the second secret is inaccessible to the recipient, and the sender is unable to distinguish between the first and second secrets.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for enabling non-native blockchain signatures to be verified in-script, wherein the method is performed by a first party and comprises: obtaining a second blockchain transaction, wherein the second blockchain transaction references a first blockchain transaction; generating a first signature based on at least the second blockchain transaction, wherein a first private key used to generate the first signature is set equal to one; generating a second signature based on the first signature, wherein the first signature is a native blockchain signature and the second signature is a non-native blockchain signature; including the first signature and the second signature in an unlocking script of the second blockchain transaction for verification when the unlocking script is executed together with a locking script of the first blockchain transaction; and causing the second blockchain transaction to be submitted to a blockchain network.

Abstract: A method performed by a node of a blockchain network, comprising: accessing the locking script from a first transaction on the blockchain; receiving a second transaction not yet on-chain, the second transaction comprising an unlocking script; extracting from the first transaction or another transaction on the blockchain, a portion of code formulated in a second language other than a first language used for the locking and unlocking scripts; running the extracted portion of code in the second language, wherein as a result thereof the code generates at least one value; writing this value to a storage location readable by the locking script; and running the locking script together with the unlocking script in order to validate the second transaction, wherein the unlocking script is configured to read the first value from said storage location, and a condition for validation according to the locking script is dependent on the first value.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for generating an identity-based cryptographic key, the method comprising: obtaining a set of private key shares and a set of corresponding public key shares, wherein each private key share is generated based on the personal identifier, and wherein at least one of the set of private key shares is generated by a respective one of a set of key-generating parties; generating an identity-based private key based on each of the one or more private key shares; and generating a partial identity-based public key, wherein the partial identity-based public key is generated based on each of the set of corresponding public key shares; transmitting the partial identity-based public key to at least one of the set of key-generating parties for generating the identity-based public key; and/or generating the identity-based public key, wherein the identity-based public key comprises the personal identifier and the partial identity-based public key.

Abstract: In a first aspect, the present disclosure proposes methods, devices and systems for implementing a payment service for enabling transactions associated with a client to be written into, or stored in a distributed ledger, i.e. a blockchain. The payment service is implemented as an API to which one or more clients have access to processing digital asset payments pertaining to a respective client. In a first aspect includes obtaining mining fee quotes from a plurality of miners for a client and processing a request for submitting a transaction to the blockchain based on a selected fee quote. In a second aspect, the present disclosure proposes methods, devices and systems for requesting a transaction associated with a digital asset payment to be mined in a blockchain, based on a digital asset payment between a client (payer) and a customer (payee) of the client.

Abstract: Techniques are presented relating to steps after a congress pool has accepted a request from a requester to activate a script. The steps include preparing, by a node, a blockchain transaction cryptographically locked with a public key associated with the congress pool, the blockchain transaction configured to permit a plurality of information providing systems to add inputs to the blockchain transaction; determining a centre point for data received from the plurality of information providing systems; and activating, by the node in cooperation with other nodes of the congress pool, the script based on the centre point.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods are provided that create and validate a spending blockchain transaction created by a node in a blockchain network and including a locking script representing an instance of an execution thread joined from a plurality of execution threads represented at least one previous blockchain transaction. The spending blockchain also represents an execution thread joined from the execution thread instances pointed to by the spending blockchain transaction. Once created and validated, the spending blockchain transaction can be communicated on a blockchain network for storage in a blockchain ledger. The blockchain transactions can implement thread-specific locking scripts and associated fork, join and barrier constructs for concurrent or asynchronous threads of execution. The blockchain transactions can be validated according to constraints of a smart contract that encodes the terms for the blockchain transactions.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for connecting to a layered network. The layered network comprises a plurality of nodes arranged in an ordered set of layers. The ordered set of layers comprises, in order, a core layer comprising a set of core nodes, a second layer comprising a set of second nodes, and one or more outer layers each comprising a respective set of outer nodes. Each core node is connected to at least one other core node. The method is performed by a connecting node and comprises connecting to the network according to a connection protocol. The connection protocol requires that each node must connect to at least one node of a preceding layer, and each outer node must also connect to at least one core node.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of using blockchain transactions to issue one or more single-uses tokens for use by one or more respective token redeemers, wherein the method is performed by a token issuer and comprises: generating a token transaction, wherein the token transaction comprises: one or more token outputs, wherein each token output comprises token data representing a respective single-use token, wherein each single-use token is associated with a respective spendable output of the token transaction, and wherein a respective validity of each single-use token is conditional on the respective spendable output being present in an unspent transaction output set of a blockchain; and one or more inputs, wherein at least a first one of the inputs comprises a signature linked to a first public key of the token issuer; and transmitting the token transaction to one or more nodes of a blockchain network to be recorded in the blockchain.

Abstract: Methods and computing devices for consolidating tokens in a token system. The method may include receiving an instruction to consolidate two or more serialized tokens, each token having a respective serial number that includes a root identifier, a denomination code, and a leaf identifier allocated to that denomination code. The tokens are of denominations that, when summed, equate to a larger denomination. The method may include identifying a candidate root identifier and candidate leaf identifier, wherein the candidate leaf identifier is allocated to the larger denomination; determining that the candidate root identifier and the candidate leaf identifier are available for use; generating a new token having a new serial number containing the candidate root identifier, the candidate leaf identifier, and a denomination code corresponding to the larger denomination; and notifying an issuer computing device of consolidation and deactivation of the two or more serialized tokens resulting in the new token.

Abstract: The present disclosure proposes methods, devices and systems for processing a transaction between a customer and a merchant. The method may be performed at a merchant device. The method may comprise receiving customer information from a customer device associated with the customer; establishing a secure communication channel between the customer and the merchant based on the customer information; generating a partial invoice transaction based on the customer information; sending the partial invoice transaction to the customer device via the secure communication channel; receiving via the secure communication channel, a transaction which is a completed version of the partial invoice transaction and which has been authorised at the customer device; validating the transaction; broadcasting the validated transaction to a blockchain node to be submitted to a blockchain; receiving at least one notification that the transaction has been validated by the blockchain node and included on the blockchain.

Abstract: A computer implemented method of facilitating a consumption tax on a purchase of one or more goods and/or services by a buyer from a seller, wherein at least the buyer is a buyer-seller who makes an onward sale based on said goods and/or services. The method comprises, by the seller of the purchase, obtaining a first blockchain transaction that can be redeemed by a second blockchain transaction meeting either of two alternative conditions: a first condition requiring at least that the second blockchain transaction is signed with a cryptographic signature of the buyer, and a second condition requiring at least that the second blockchain transaction is signed with at least a cryptographic signature of a tax authority; and in response to receiving a payment of the consumption tax from the buyer, sending the first blockchain transaction to be recorded on a blockchain.

Abstract: Computer implemented systems and methods are detailed for establishing delegated authorisation. The methods of verification and generation of delegated authorisation tokens comprise obtaining a first delegated authorisation token of a chain of delegated authorisation tokens. Further delegated authorisation tokens of the chain of delegated authorisation tokens are generated based on the preceding delegated authorisation token in the chain of delegated authorisation tokens. If verifying the validity of a delegated authorisation token, the validity of the first delegated authorisation token based on a comparison of one of the delegated authorisation tokens in the chain of delegated authorisation tokens and a predetermined value.

Abstract: A method of encrypting data is disclosed. The method comprises determining, at a first node associated with a first public-private key pair of a cryptography system having a first private key (VA) and a first public key (PA), a common secret (S1) common with the first node and a second node, wherein the second node is associated with a second public-private key pair of the cryptography system having a second private key (VB) and a second public key (PB). The common secret is determined on the basis of the first private key and the second public key, and the properties of the cryptography system are such that the common secret can be determined on the basis of the second private key and the first public key. An encryption key, based on the common secret, is determined for encryption of data (M), and the data is encrypted on the basis of the encryption key, wherein the step of encrypting data includes an exclusive or (XOR) operation.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of partitioning a blockchain network into shards is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of identifying a transaction id of a blockchain transaction and allocating the transaction to a shard based on the transaction id.