Abstract: Non-aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries can be protected against overcharge abuse by incorporating small amounts of suitable aromatic additives into the electrolyte. The additives are electrochemically polymerized at abnormally high voltages, thereby increasing the internal resistance of the battery and thus protecting it. Aromatic additives such as biphenyl, 3-chlorothiophene, and furan are particularly suitable for certain lithium ion batteries. The additives need not and may preferably not polymerize during overtemperature abuse.