Abstract: A communication network is operated by monitoring a bandwidth utilization of a shared network resource, performing a statistical analysis to determine a mean utilization peak and/or a utilization peak coefficient of variance, monitoring a bandwidth utilization of lines, ports, and/or channels associated with the shared network resource, performing a statistical analysis to determine a percentage M of the lines, ports, and/or channels whose consumption of bandwidth exceeds a first threshold percentage of the mean utilization peak, and determining whether to groom traffic carried by the shared network resource based on the mean utilization peak, the utilization peak coefficient of variance, and/or the percentage M.

Abstract: A communication network is operated by collecting data rate information for at least one Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), comparing the collected data rate information with a provisioned data rate associated with the at least one DSL, resetting the at least one DSL if the collected data rate information for the at least one DSL is less than the provisioned data rate associated with the at least one DSL, performing a statistical analysis on time the at least one DSL operates at about the provisioned data rate versus time the at least one DSL operates below the provisioned data rate, and determining whether the at least one DSL has an impedance problem based on the statistical analysis.

Abstract: Database systems, methods and/or computer program products provide for multiple but exclusive relationships between tables in a relational database. The multiple but exclusive relationship may be enforced based on a type associated with a record in a relating table. The multiple but exclusive relationship may be a one-to-many or a many-to-many relationship. A foreign key value of a record in a relating table may be selectively associated with a specific one of a plurality of related tables based on at least one attribute of the record containing the foreign key in the relating table. In particular embodiments of the present invention, the foreign key values of a record in the relating table are selectively associated with one of the plurality of related tables by defining a foreign key of records of the relating table and defining a plurality of types of foreign key associations, each of the types corresponding to a respective one of the plurality of related tables.