Abstract: A system for managing circuit emulation service over an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network is provided. The system includes control logic configured to receive channelized circuit data from a client, the channelized circuit data being transmitted at an arbitrary rate. The channelized circuit data is formatted into one or more ATM cells. Each ATM cell has a payload. The payload has a number of octets and corresponding validity fields. Each validity field is used to indicate whether the associated octet contains valid data. The one or more ATM cells are transmitted across the ATM network. By examining the validity fields, the transmission of the one or more ATM cells effectively results in transmission of the channelized circuit data at the arbitrary rate over the ATM network. The arbitrary rate is not a multiple of a fundamental rate.

Abstract: A routing device including an operating system kernel, a virtual router residing external to the kernel, a router manager configured to manage the virtual router, an application residing external to the virtual router, and a number of physical interfaces is disclosed. The application selectively interacts with the virtual router and the kernel on a dynamic basis, which perform a number of tasks for the application. The virtual router includes a routing protocol stack configured to handle a number of routing protocols, a number of interface drivers configured to communicate with corresponding physical interfaces, an IP stack configured to interact with the routing protocol stack and perform a forwarding function via the interface drivers, the IP stack having a forwarding information table used to perform the forwarding function; and a socket layer having a corresponding socket API configured to facilitate interactions between the IP stack and one or more socket applications.

Abstract: Systems and methods are presented for transporting a TDM data stream over a packet network, involving buffering an input TDM data stream to fill a data frame on a sending side, assigning a sequence number to the data frame, sending the data frame in a packet across the network to a receiving side, setting a timer corresponding to the data frame, storing a copy the data frame in a sending side buffer, receiving the packet and removing the data frame at the receiving side, sending an acknowledgement frame to the sending side, buffering received data frames in a sequence order in a receive buffer, and sending a data frame with a lowest sequence number to an output TDM data stream, wherein if an acknowledgement frame is not received before an expiration of the timer, a copy of a corresponding data frame is resent to the receiving side.

Abstract: Techniques for compensating for synchronous data stream transported over an asynchronous system are provided. The techniques include compensating for network jitter for an asynchronous connection over an asynchronous transport, using frame slip control for compensating for a synchronous connection over an asynchronous transport, and dropping filler frames for compensating for a synchronous connection over an asynchronous transport.

Abstract: A plurality of packets are received at a receiver. The plurality of packets are sent in a first ordering from a transmitter and received in a second ordering. The second ordering is different from the first ordering. The packets, when they were sent, are assigned sequence numbers based on the first ordering. As each of the plurality of packets is received in the second ordering, a packet is written to a buffer position in a buffer based on the sequence number associated with the packet. The writes to the buffer positions are out of order or in a non-sequential order as compared to a sequential ordering of buffer positions in the buffer. Packets are then read from the buffer in a sequential order. As packets are read from the buffer, they are read in the first ordering that the packets were sent in.

Abstract: A single stage phase lock loop (PLL) is provided. The phase lock loop receives a reference clock frequency and is configured to output a PLL output frequency. The PLL output frequency is generated based on the reference clock frequency and a comparison clock frequency that is outputted by a modulator. An output divider is then applied to the PLL output frequency to generate a system output frequency. The modulator is configured to output a comparison clock frequency that is either a modulated clock frequency or unmodulated clock frequency. The modulated clock frequency and unmodulated clock frequency are alternatively generated based on a schedule. The desired rate may be at a granularity finer than a granularity that can be achieved by dividing the reference clock frequency by an integer.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems are presented for compensating for independent clocks in relayed modem communications involving receiving data packets from a first network device, forwarded over a packet-based network, at a second network device, the data packets representing data in a first modulated signal from a first modem, the first modulated signal being associated with a first symbol rate, placing data derived from the data packets into a queue in the second network device, generating a second modulated signal at the second network device for transmission to a second modem, the second modulated signal being generated using data retrieved from the queue and being associated with a second symbol rate, obtaining at least one queue size measurement associated with data in the queue, and effectively adjusting the second symbol rate based on at least one queue size measurement associated with data placed in the queue in the second network device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for applying a service level to a user's packets of data are provided. Packets of data for multiple users may be transferred through a single connection. Where data for multiple users is transferred through a single connection, a specific service level may be applied for each users' packets of data. Methods is provided that includes the steps of associating a service level with a plurality of sessions; receiving a data packet from a connection; determining a session associated with the data packet; determining a session identifier of a session associated with the data packet; determining a service level associated with the session identifier; and transferring the data packet at the determined the service level. Systems for associating a service level with a session and applying the service level to data packets associated with session is provided.

Abstract: Techniques for adapting data rates from a first to a second system in a telecommunication system are provided. The techniques on used on data communications in the ingress or egress direction. The first system transfers data at a first data rate that is faster than a data rate of a second system. The techniques are used to adapt data received at the first data rate for sending to the second system at the second data rate.

Abstract: A method for communicating with a device in an unreliable messaging environment is provided. The method comprises: repeatedly sending an invite signal to the device, wherein the invite signal is sent until a ringing response is received from the device; receiving a ringing response from the device in response to the device receiving the invite signal; and ceasing to send the invite signal to the device when the ringing response is received from the device.

Abstract: A method for optimizing routing functions in a router is provided. The router has a split plane architecture including a control plane and a data plane. The control plane includes an Address Resolution Protocol cache and the data plane includes a programmable forwarding information base. According to one aspect, when the control plane obtains information about a route, it evaluates the obtained information about the route to determine if address resolution is needed. If it is determined that address resolution is needed for the route, the control plane performs the needed address resolution to derive additional information about the route. The control plane programs the forwarding information base to incorporate the obtained and additional information. The determination as to whether address resolution is needed for the route is performed regardless of whether packets are to be delivered on the route.

Abstract: Routes between data planes are partitioned according to the source and destination data planes. Partitions are distributed according to the source data plane associated with the partition. Each data plane is configured to clear and resynchronize its own routes when a data plane fails. Also, the restarted data plane is configured to restore routes by retrieving partitions that have the restarted data plane as the source data plane.

Abstract: A system for providing network access translation device traversal to facilitate communications is provided. The system includes a network access translation (NAT) device, a first Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) client located on the interior of the NAT device, a second SIP client located on the exterior of the NAT device, and a proxy server configured to maintain registration information relating to the first SIP client and the NAT device. The proxy server is further configured to allow the second SIP client to initiate contact with the first SIP client and establish a communication session using the registration information. The communication session is established by traversing the NAT device.

Abstract: A method is provided for synchronizing circuit related objects between a network management system (NMS) and a network control processor (NCP). In one example, the method translates data for the circuit related objects from binary data to ASCII data in the network control processor. The ASCII is received into the network management system server from the network control processor. The ASCII data is parsed. The ASCII data is then stored in a network management system database.

Abstract: Techniques for sending and receiving alarm signals over packet-based communication networks are provided. A system for detecting alarm signals on a multiplexed communication line and generating data packets with alarm information is provided. Additionally, a system is provided for receiving data packets with alarm information and generating alarm signals based upon the alarm information of the data packets. The system optionally monitors a connection to a communication network and the status of one or more nodes coupled with the communication network and generates data packets or alarm signals if predetermined conditions are detected.

Abstract: A method for converting data for a interface module and a network data plane is provided. The data is converted using an interface in a telecommunications system. The method includes receiving data in a plurality of data formats through the interface module. The plurality of data formats include a variable format of a variable-length and a fixed format of a fixed-length. The data in the plurality of data formats is then converted into a predetermined network data plane format and sent in the network data plane format to the network data plane. The method further includes receiving data in the predetermined network data plane format from the network data plane. Then, a format in the plurality of data formats to convert the data received from the network data plane to is determined and the data in the network data plane data format is converted to the determined data format. The data in the determined data format is sent to the interface module.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for providing multiple qualities of service to different virtual network connections. In one example, the method receives a token of a cell descriptor of data traffic of a virtual network connection. It is determined whether the token is in conformance with contracted bandwidth parameters of the cell descriptor to obtain a conformance status. Based on the conformance status, one of the following steps is performed: the token is inserted into a first random access memory configured to store the token for immediate output, or the token is inserted into a second random access memory configured to store the token for non-immediate output.

Abstract: A backplane for an electronic data communication system is disclosed. The backplane comprises at least one ultra-wideband transmitter configured to transmit data in the form of a plurality of pulses in a wireless manner and at least one ultra-wideband receiver configured to receive the plurality of pulses and decode the plurality of pulses to retrieve the data. The data is to be transmitted wirelessly from a first module comprising the at least one ultra-wideband transmitter to a second module comprising the ultra-wideband receiver within the electronic communication system, the first and second modules residing in the system housing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for frame packing for nodes in a network. In one example, the method includes receiving packet streams from network nodes; parsing the packet streams into individual calls; grouping the individual calls having the same destined node together into grouped calls; packing the grouped calls into single packets; and sending the single packets to the destined nodes.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for inserting empty memory cells into a data flow of network connections of a computer network. In one example, the method includes receiving an insertion request for an empty memory cell to be inserted into the data flow. A base connection identification (CID) associated with the insertion request is also received. An appropriate insertion scheme for carrying out the insertion request is determined. Based on the appropriate insertion scheme, the insertion request is sent to an insertion device that is configured to insert the empty memory cell into the data flow. The memory cell is inserted prior to traffic shaping of the data flow.