Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a dual helper plasmid for producing a recombinant adeno-associated virus. A double transfection method using the dual helper plasmid of the present disclosure is advantageous over the triple transfection method typically used for production of adeno-associated virus in terms of 1) increased chance of co-transfection, 2) increased productivity of recombinant adeno-associated virus, 3) reduction in cost and time of plasmid production and purification, etc., and thus can be usefully utilized for effective production of a gene therapy agent.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a PD-1 variant having improved binding affinity to PD-L1. In addition, the present disclosure relates to a method for preparing the PD-1 variant and a method for screening the PD-1 variant. The PD-1 variant of the present disclosure effectively inhibits the binding between wild-type PD-1 and PD-L1, and thus is expected to have significantly higher penetration ability and anticancer effect by immune cells or therapeutic effect for infectious diseases as compared to existing immune checkpoint inhibitors. At the same time, the possibility of immunogenicity can be minimized. In addition, the convenience of developing biomedicine may be promoted through aglycosylation.

Abstract: Novel intron fragments are provided. The intron fragments can increase gene expression to levels equal to or higher than those achieved by the full-length intron while maintaining their ability to increase gene expression even when combined with various types of promoters and splicing donors. Particularly, the intron fragments enable loading of larger transgenes when used in genetic information delivery systems whose size is limited, for example, adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) and rhabdoviruses. Therefore, the use of the intron fragments is expected to extend the range of therapeutic genes.