Patents Assigned to Neurosciences Research Foundation, Inc.
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Patent number: 7844556Abstract: A brain-based device (BBD) having a physical mobile device NOMAD controlling and under control by a simulated nervous system. The simulated nervous system is based on an intricate anatomy and physiology of the hippocampus and its surrounding neuronal regions including the cortex. The BBD integrates spatial signals from numerous objects in time and provides flexible navigation solutions to aid in the exploration of unknown environments. As NOMAD navigates in its real world environment, the hippocampus of the simulated nervous system organizes multi-modal input information received from sensors on NOMAD over timescales and uses this organization for the development of spatial and episodic memories necessary for navigation.Type: GrantFiled: December 9, 2008Date of Patent: November 30, 2010Assignee: Neurosciences Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Gerald M. Edelman, Jeffrey L. Krichmar, Douglas A. Nitz
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Patent number: 7827124Abstract: A mobile brain-based device (BBD) includes a mobile platform with sensors and effectors, which is guided by a simulated nervous system that is an analogue of the cerebellar areas of the brain used for predictive motor control to determine interaction with a real-world environment. The simulated nervous system has neural areas including precerebellum nuclei (PN), Purkinje cells (PC), deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) and an inferior olive (IO) for predicting turn and velocity control of the BBD during movement in a real-world environment. The BBD undergoes training and testing, and the simulated nervous system learns and performs control functions, based on a delayed eligibility trace learning rule.Type: GrantFiled: December 27, 2006Date of Patent: November 2, 2010Assignee: Neurosciences Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Jeffrey L. McKinstry, Gerald M. Edelman, Jeffrey L. Krichmar
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Patent number: 7765029Abstract: A brain-based device (BBD) for moving in a real-world environment has sensors that provide data about the environment, actuators to move the BBD, and a hybrid controller which includes a neural controller having a simulated nervous system being a model of selected areas of the human brain and a non-neural controller based on a computational algorithmic network. The neural controller and non-neural controller interact with one another to control movement of the BBD.Type: GrantFiled: September 11, 2006Date of Patent: July 27, 2010Assignee: Neurosciences Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Jason G. Fleischer, Botond Szatmary, Donald B. Hutson, Douglas A. Moore, James A. Snook, Gerald M. Edelman, Jeffrey L. Krichmar
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Publication number: 20100161533Abstract: A special purpose processor (SPP) can use a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to model a large number of neural elements. The FPGAs or similar programmable device can have multiple cores doing presynaptic, postsynaptic, and plasticity calculations in parallel. Each core can implement multiple neural elements of the neural model.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 17, 2009Publication date: June 24, 2010Applicant: NEUROSCIENCES RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC.Inventors: James A. Snook, Richard W. Schermerhorn
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Patent number: 7627540Abstract: A special purpose processor (SPP) can use a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to model a large number of neural elements. The FPGAs or similar programmable device can have multiple cores doing presynaptic, postsynaptic, and plasticity calculations in parallel. Each core can implement multiple neural elements of the neural model.Type: GrantFiled: June 27, 2006Date of Patent: December 1, 2009Assignee: Neurosciences Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: James A. Snook, Richard W. Schermerhorn
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Publication number: 20090240642Abstract: A special purpose processor (SPP) can use a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or similar programmable device to model a large number of neural elements. The FPGAs can have multiple cores doing presynaptic, postsynaptic, and plasticity calculations in parallel. Each core can implement multiple neural elements of the neural model.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 9, 2009Publication date: September 24, 2009Applicant: NEUROSCIENCES RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC.Inventors: James A. Snook, Donald B. Hutson, Jeffrey L. Krichmar
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Patent number: 7533071Abstract: A special purpose processor (SPP) can use a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or similar programmable device to model a large number of neural elements. The FPGAs can have multiple cores doing presynaptic, postsynaptic, and plasticity calculations in parallel. Each core can implement multiple neural elements of the neural model.Type: GrantFiled: June 27, 2006Date of Patent: May 12, 2009Assignee: Neurosciences Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: James A. Snook, Donald B. Hutson, Jeffrey L. Krichmar
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Patent number: 7519452Abstract: A mobile brain-based device BBD includes a mobile base equipped with sensors and effectors (Neurally Organized Mobile Adaptive Device or NOMAD), which is guided by a simulated nervous system that is an analogue of cortical and sub-cortical areas of the brain required for visual processing, decision-making, reward, and motor responses. These simulated cortical and sub-cortical areas are reentrantly connected and each area contains neuronal units representing both the mean activity level and the relative timing of the activity of groups of neurons. The brain-based device BBD learns to discriminate among multiple objects with shared visual features, and associated “target” objects with innately preferred auditory cues. Globally distributed neuronal circuits that correspond to distinct objects in the visual field of NOMAD 10 are activated. These circuits, which are constrained by a reentrant neuroanatomy and modulated by behavior and synaptic plasticity, result in successful discrimination of objects.Type: GrantFiled: April 13, 2005Date of Patent: April 14, 2009Assignee: Neurosciences Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Anil K. Seth, Jeffrey L. McKinstry, Gerald M. Edelman, Jeffrey L. Krichmar
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Publication number: 20090089229Abstract: A brain-based device (BBD) having a physical mobile device NOMAD controlling and under control by a simulated nervous system. The simulated nervous system is based on an intricate anatomy and physiology of the hippocampus and its surrounding neuronal regions including the cortex. The BBD integrates spatial signals from numerous objects in time and provides flexible navigation solutions to aid in the exploration of unknown environments. As NOMAD navigates in its real world environment, the hippocampus of the simulated nervous system organizes multi-modal input information received from sensors on NOMAD over timescales and uses this organization for the development of spatial and episodic memories necessary for navigation.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 9, 2008Publication date: April 2, 2009Applicant: NEUROSCIENCES RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC.Inventors: Gerald M. Edelman, Jeffrey L. Krichmar, Douglas A. Nitz
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Patent number: 7468178Abstract: The invention provides a method of identifying a compound that alters vigilance. The method consists of contacting an invertebrate with a candidate compound, evaluating a vigilance property in the contacted invertebrate, and determining if the candidate compound alters the vigilance property in the contacted invertebrate. A candidate compound that alters the vigilance property in the contacted invertebrate is identified as a compound that alters vigilance. The invention also provides a method of identifying a vigilance enhancing compound that modulates homeostatic regulation or a vigilance diminishing compound that modulates homeostatic regulation. The method consists of contacting an invertebrate with a compound that increases or decreases vigilance, and determining the effect of the compound on a homeostatic regulatory property of vigilance.Type: GrantFiled: April 22, 2004Date of Patent: December 23, 2008Assignee: Neurosciences Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Giulio Tononi, Chiara Cirelli, Paul J. Shaw, Ralph J. Greenspan
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Patent number: 7467115Abstract: A brain-based device (BBD) having a physical mobile device NOMAD controlling and under control by a simulated nervous system. The simulated nervous system is based on an intricate anatomy and physiology of the hippocampus and its surrounding neuronal regions including the cortex. The BBD integrates spatial signals from numerous objects in time and provides flexible navigation solutions to aid in the exploration of unknown environments. As NOMAD navigates in its real world environment, the hippocampus of the simulated nervous system organizes multi-modal input information received from sensors on NOMAD over timescales and uses this organization for the development of spatial and episodic memories necessary for navigation.Type: GrantFiled: July 12, 2005Date of Patent: December 16, 2008Assignee: Neurosciences Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Gerald M. Edelman, Jeffrey L. Krichmar, Douglas A. Nitz
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Publication number: 20080162391Abstract: In Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning, rewards typically come seconds after reward-triggering actions, creating an explanatory conundrum known as the distal reward problem or the credit assignment problem. How does the brain know what firing patterns of what neurons are responsible for the reward if (1) the firing patterns are no longer there when the reward arrives and (2) most neurons and synapses are active during the waiting period to the reward? A model network and computer simulation of cortical spiking neurons with spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) modulated by dopamine (DA) is disclosed to answer this question. STDP is triggered by nearly-coincident firing patterns of a presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron on a millisecond time scale, with slow kinetics of subsequent synaptic plasticity being sensitive to changes in the extracellular dopamine DA concentration during the critical period of a few seconds after the nearly-coincident firing patterns.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 21, 2007Publication date: July 3, 2008Applicant: NEUROSCIENCES RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC.Inventor: Eugene M. Izhikevich
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Patent number: 7378080Abstract: The present invention provides a method of identifying a compound that modulates a mammalian vestibular system. The method consists of administering a test compound to an invertebrate, and measuring a geotactic behavior of the invertebrate, where a compound that modulates the geotactic behavior of the invertebrate is characterized as a compound that modulates a mammalian vestibular system.Type: GrantFiled: September 25, 2002Date of Patent: May 27, 2008Assignee: Neurosciences Research Foundation, Inc.Inventor: Ralph J Greenspan
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Publication number: 20070194727Abstract: A mobile brain-based device (BBD) includes a mobile platform with sensors and effects, which is guided by a simulated nervous system that is an analogue of the cerebellar areas of the brain used for predictive motor control to determine interaction with a real-world environment. The simulated nervous system has neural areas including precerebellum nuclei (PN), Purkinje cells (PC), deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) and an inferior olive (IO) for predicting turn and velocity control of the BBD during movement in a real-world environment. The BBD undergoes training and testing, and the simulated nervous system learns and performs control functions, based on a delayed eligibility trace learning rule.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 27, 2006Publication date: August 23, 2007Applicant: Neurosciences Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Jeffrey McKinstry, Gerald Edelman, Jeffrey Krichmar
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Publication number: 20070100780Abstract: A hybrid control system for a robot can include a neuronal control portion and a non-neuronal control portion.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 11, 2006Publication date: May 3, 2007Applicant: Neurosciences Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Jason Fleischer, Botond Szatmary, Donald Hutson, Douglas Moore, James Snook, Gerald Edelman, Jeffrey Krichmar
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Publication number: 20060129506Abstract: A brain-based device (BBD) having a physical mobile device NOMAD controlling and under control by a simulated nervous system. The simulated nervous system is based on an intricate anatomy and physiology of the hippocampus and its surrounding neuronal regions including the cortex. The BBD integrates spatial signals from numerous objects in time and provides flexible navigation solutions to aid in the exploration of unknown environments. As NOMAD navigates in its real world environment, the hippocampus of the simulated nervous system organizes multi-modal input information received from sensors on NOMAD over timescales and uses this organization for the development of spatial and episodic memories necessary for navigation.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 12, 2005Publication date: June 15, 2006Applicant: Neurosciences Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Gerald Edelman, Jeffrey Krichmar, Douglas Nitz
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Publication number: 20050261803Abstract: A mobile brain-based device BBD includes a mobile base equipped with sensors and effectors (Neurally Organized Mobile Adaptive Device or NOMAD), which is guided by a simulated nervous system that is an analogue of cortical and sub-cortical areas of the brain required for visual processing, decision-making, reward, and motor responses. These simulated cortical and sub-cortical areas are reentrantly connected and each area contains neuronal units representing both the mean activity level and the relative timing of the activity of groups of neurons. The brain-based device BBD learns to discriminate among multiple objects with shared visual features, and associated “target” objects with innately preferred auditory cues. Globally distributed neuronal circuits that correspond to distinct objects in the visual field of NOMAD 10 are activated. These circuits, which are constrained by a reentrant neuroanatomy and modulated by behavior and synaptic plasticity, result in successful discrimination of objects.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 13, 2005Publication date: November 24, 2005Applicant: Neurosciences Research Foundation, Inc.Inventors: Anil Seth, Jeffrey McKinstry, Gerald Edelman, Jeffrey Krichmar
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Patent number: 6730287Abstract: The invention provides a method of identifying a compound that alters vigilance. The method consists of contacting an invertebrate with a candidate compound, evaluating a vigilance property in the contacted invertebrate, and determining if the candidate compound alters the vigilance property in the contacted invertebrate. A candidate compound that alters the vigilance property in the contacted invertebrate is identified as a compound that alters vigilance. The invention also provides a method of identifying a vigilance enhancing compound that modulates homeostatic regulation or a vigilance diminishing compound that modulates homeostatic regulation. The method consists of contacting an invertebrate with a compound that increases or decreases vigilance, and determining the effect of the compound on a homeostatic regulatory property of vigilance.Type: GrantFiled: November 22, 2000Date of Patent: May 4, 2004Assignee: Neurosciences Research Foundation Inc.Inventors: Giulio Tononi, Chiara Cirelli, Paul J. Shaw, Ralph J. Greenspan
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Patent number: 6656972Abstract: Novel pharmaceutical therapeutic compositions and methods for using same for the treatment of pain experienced by an individual are provided. The compositions contain at least one member selected from among anandamide and palmitylethanolamide.Type: GrantFiled: January 22, 2002Date of Patent: December 2, 2003Assignees: Neurosciences Research Foundation, Inc., Universita di Napoli Federico IIInventors: Antonio Calignano, Giovanna La Rana, Andrea Guiffrida, Daniele Piomelli
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Publication number: 20030087807Abstract: The present invention provides a method of identifying a compound that modulates a mammalian vestibular system. The method consists of administering a test compound to an invertebrate, and measuring a geotactic behavior of the invertebrate, where a compound that modulates the geotactic behavior of said invertebrate is characterized as a compound that modulates a mammalian vestibular system.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 25, 2002Publication date: May 8, 2003Applicant: Neurosciences Research Foundation, Inc.Inventor: Ralph J. Greenspan