Abstract: A method and apparatus of installing an operating system are provided. According to an example of the method, a server reads an image file of an operating system from a system providing device, wherein the image file comprises address information corresponding to an automatic response script file, and the automatic response script file is not stored at a position corresponding to the address information. The server receives the automatic response script file provided by the system providing device in response to that the reading by the server advances to the position corresponding to the address information. The server installs the operating system by using the automatic response script file.

Abstract: A gateway device detects whether a node corresponding to each node identifier in a node identifier chain gets on-line, the chain including node identifiers of a head node, service node via which the head node accesses tail node, and the tail node. When each node gets on-line, the gateway device distributes, as a gateway device accessed by the head node, a first stream classifying strategy associated with the chain to device hardware, and forwards a received data stream which is from the head node to the tail node according to the chain based on the first stream classifying strategy. The gateway device distributes, as a gateway device accessed by the service node, a second stream classifying strategy associated with the chain to the device hardware, and forwards a received data stream which is from the head node to the tail node according to the chain based on the second stream classifying strategy.

Abstract: A routing device receives a forwarding entry for forwarding a first flow and stores it locally. When the device is a key forwarding device of a first flow, the stored forwarding entry includes first and second forwarding entries. When the device is located in a primary forwarding path but is not the key forwarding device, the stored forwarding entry comprises one forwarding entry having a priority higher than a predefined minimum value. The device receives a first flow. When the stored forwarding entry comprises one forwarding entry having a priority higher than the minimum value and a link connected to an egress port in the forwarding entry has failed, the device sets the priority of the forwarding entry as the minimum value, and returns the first flow to the key forwarding device to trigger it to forward the first flow according to the second forwarding entry.

Abstract: A Network Address Translation (NAT) method, apparatus and device are provided. Based on the method, a target IP address and its reference port are obtained from a NAT resource pool, wherein the reference port is a port in a consecutive port range of the target IP address; a first five-tuple corresponding to a packet is generated based on the target IP address, the reference port and an original five-tuple of the packet, and a second five-tuple is obtained by masking first-class bits of two classes of ports of the first five-tuple respectively; a target five-tuple is determined in a plurality of consecutive hash buckets of a hash table based on a hash result of the second five-tuple; and the target five-tuple and the original five-tuple are recorded in the hash table and a corresponding result table, and the packet is NAT-processed based on the target five-tuple.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for implementation of wireless relaying. The method is applied to a wireless relay device. The method comprises: a wireless relay device sends a probe request packet carrying a first detection code and device information of the wireless relay device; receive a probe response packet sent by a first wireless routing device, the probe response packet carrying an SSID and a password corresponding to the first wireless routing device; and send an authentication request packet to a second wireless routing device, the authentication request packet carrying the SSID and the password that is carried in the probe response packet sent by the second wireless routing device to the wireless relay device, and the second wireless routing device being one of the first wireless routing devices.

Abstract: VTEP receives a packet, VXLAN-encapsulates and sends a mirror packet of the packet to a remote VTEP accessed by a monitoring server, or ends the mirror packet to a local monitoring server according to the execution action of a matching first forwarding entry if the packet is a user packet from a local monitored host; VXLAN-encapsulates and sends the mirror packet to a remote VTEP accessed by the monitoring server, or sends the mirror packet to the local monitoring server according to the execution action of a matching second forwarding entry if the packet is a user packet sent from a local host to the monitored host. If the packet is a VXLAN packet with the identifier of the monitoring server from the remote VTEP, the VXLAN packet is de-encapsulated to be sent to the local monitoring server according to the execution action of a matching third forwarding entry.

Abstract: Methods and devices for placing an Access Point (AP) are provided. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining a sampling point matrix by performing sampling in a locating area based on a preset sampling spacing, wherein the locating area comprises: a valid area to be covered by a WLAN and an invalid area outside the valid area, calculating a maximum valid signal strength, sequentially selecting a sampling point without placing AP is placed from the sampling point matrix to be a first sampling point at which an AP is to be placed, calculating a newly-added valid signal strength and a newly-added invalid signal strength in a case that the AP to be placed is placed at the first sampling point, and placing the AP to be placed at the first sampling point when preset conditions are satisfied.

Abstract: A first VXLAN tunnel is established between a gateway device and an aggregation switch which corresponds to a BRAS group including several BRAS network elements. A second VXLAN tunnel is established between the gateway device and each of the BRAS network elements. In an example, when receiving a first VXLAN packet from the aggregation switch through the first VXLAN tunnel, the gateway device may acquire a first user packet by de-encapsulating the first packet and forward an encapsulated first user packet to the BRAS network element through the second VXLAN tunnel by VXLAN encapsulating the first user packet. In turn, the gateway device may receive a second VXLAN packet from the BRAS network element through the second VXLAN tunnel and forward a corresponding encapsulated second user packet to the aggregation switch through the first VXLAN tunnel.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for diagnosing a network and a machine readable storage medium thereof are provided. As an example, the method of diagnosing a network comprises: a first AP running in a WLAN Doctor mode tests WLAN service quality provided by a second AP located in a diagnosis region of the first AP by simulating a client.

Abstract: A NAT method, apparatus and device are provided. According to the method, a target IP address and its reference port are obtained from a NAT resource pool, the reference port being a port in a corresponding consecutive port range. A first five-tuple is generated based on the target IP address, the reference port and an original five-tuple of the packet, and a second five-tuple is obtained by masking first-class bits of the reference port of the first five-tuple. Based on a hash result of the second five-tuple, a target bit indicating a non-conflicting state is determined from a pre-constructed bitmap. The state indicated by the target bit is set to be a conflicting state, and a target five-tuple is generated based on the target bit. The target five-tuple and the original five-tuple are recorded in a session table, and the packet is NAT-processed based on the target five-tuple.

Abstract: A method for forwarding a packet and a switch are provided. The switch receives a packet via a port; when the packet is a layer-2 packet, determines a VSI based on an ID of a MDC to which the port belongs and an ID of a VLAN of the packet, searches for a layer-2 entry stored in a chip where the port is located and matching with the VSI and a destination MAC address of the packet, and forwards the packet based on the layer-2 entry; when the packet is a layer-3 packet, determines a second VRF based on the ID of the MDC and an ID of a first VRF to which the packet belongs, searches for a layer-3 entry stored in the chip and matching with the second VRF and a destination IP address of the packet, and forwards the packet based on the layer-3 entry.

Abstract: A Network Address Translation (NAT) method, apparatus and device are provided. Based on the method, a target IP address and its reference port are obtained from a NAT resource pool, wherein the reference port is a port in a consecutive port range of the target IP address; a first five-tuple corresponding to a packet is generated based on the target IP address, the reference port and an original five-tuple of the packet, and a second five-tuple is obtained by masking first-class bits of two classes of ports of the first five-tuple respectively; a target five-tuple is determined in a plurality of consecutive hash buckets of a hash table based on a hash result of the second five-tuple; and the target five-tuple and the original five-tuple are recorded in the hash table and a corresponding result table, and the packet is NAT-processed based on the target five-tuple.

Abstract: Examples of the present disclosure provide a method and device for achieving the cloud platform security. In the present disclosure, an Openflow bridge is established on a cloud server of a cloud platform to replace a MAC bridge, the Openflow bridge may achieve the cloud platform security through an Openflow security table.

Abstract: A method, device and system for forwarding a multicast data packet are provided. The system is an extended bridge constructed by a controlling bridge and a port extender. The controlling bridge transmits a multicast data packet with an ETAG having a multicast ECID via a cascade port, and the multicast ECID directs to egress ports in different VLANs of the multicast group on a port extender connected with the cascade port. The port extender receives the packet with the ETAG via an upstream port connected with the controlling bridge, searches for multicast duplication information matching the multicast ECID, duplicates the packet for each egress port based on the multicast duplication information, removes the ETAG of each copy of the packet, adds a port identification and a VLAN identification of each egress port to each copy of the packet, and transmits the packet containing the VLAN identification via each egress port.

Abstract: A method of forwarding a packet and a network device are provided. According to an example of the method, when serving as a previous-hop device of a destination device of a first tunnel, the network device receives a first notification message from the destination device of the first tunnel, where information relating the first tunnel is carried in the first notification message. The network device configures a forwarding entry, where a match domain of the forwarding entry includes the information relating the first tunnel. After an encapsulated data packet is received, and if the encapsulated data packet matches the forwarding entry, the network device decapsulates the encapsulated data packet and then forwards the decapsulated data packet to the destination device of the first tunnel.

Abstract: In an example, a method of routing management is provided, wherein the method applied in a device for forwarding packet, which includes a main control board, fabric boards and line cards. The main control board may transmit routing entries to one or multiple fabric boards in the device according to a preset entry distribution strategy, transmit routing distribution information for indicating correspondence between each fabric board and a packet character of the routing entries stored in the fabric board to each of the line cards, so that the line card transmits a packet matching the packet character to a corresponding fabric board to be forwarded, according to the routing distribution information.

Abstract: Examples of the present disclosure provide a packet forwarding method and apparatus applied to a VXLAN. In examples of the present disclosure, redundancy protection for a VXLAN IP gateway is realized by deploying a VXLAN IP gateway group in a VXLAN, and a first VTEP in the VXLAN can ensure each VXLAN IP gateway in the VXLAN IP gateway group to learn an ARP entry of a same VM by establishing a VXLAN control tunnel from the first VTEP to each VXLAN IP gateway of the VXLAN IP gateway group and establishing a VXLAN data tunnel from the first VTEP to the VXLAN IP gateway group, thus ensuring the VXLAN IP gateway correctly forwards the service packet.

Abstract: Disclosed is a line card frame. The line card frame internally comprises a line card unit, a switching unit, and an optical fiber interface unit. The switching unit internally comprises a switching chip module and an onboard optical component module, the onboard optical component module being used for realizing mutual conversion of an optical signal and an electrical signal; an electrical signal interface of the onboard optical component module is connected to the switching chip module having an exchange routing function, and the switching chip module is connected to the line card unit by means of an electric connector; an optical signal interface of the onboard optical component module is connected to the optical fiber interface unit by means of an optical connector; and the optical fiber interface unit connects the optical signal to a cluster interface on a router panel by means of an optical fiber, and the cluster interface is used for realizing the cascading between different frames of a router.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a BGP message and a routing device are provided. According to an example of the method, a queue for holding BGP messages to be transmitted is partitioned into more than two subqueues according to types of BGP routes, where each of the subqueues is used to hold a BGP message carrying a corresponding type of BGP route. A BGP message carrying a BGP route to be advertised is placed into one of the more than two subqueues according to the type of the BGP route. A target subqueue is selected from the more than two subqueues according to a first scheduling algorithm, and a BGP message in the target subqueue is transmitted.

Abstract: Cable backplane systems and communication devices are provided according to examples of the present disclosure. In one aspect, a cable backplane system includes a frame and a cable unit; the cable unit includes a first connector array, a second connector array and communication cables; the first connector array is fixed on the frame, wherein a first connector in the first connector array is connected with a first plug-in card, first connectors in a same row are connected with a same first plug-in card; the second connector array is fixed on the frame, wherein a second connector in the second connector array is connected with a second plug-in card, second connectors in a same column are connected with a same second plug-in card; and the communication cables is connected with the first connector array and the second connector array.