Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for producing a calcium aluminate compound having a modified surface. The present invention provides: a method for producing a modified calcium aluminate compound characterized by irradiating a calcium aluminate compound dispersed in an organic dispersion medium with a femtosecond laser, thereby modifying the surface of the calcium aluminate compound; and a modified calcium aluminate compound characterized by being obtained by this method and having at least one of an OH group, a CO group, a CH group, and an NH group.

Abstract: A method of replacing fluid in an automotive system requires interconnecting a radiator fill port of the radiator with a first external tank through a closed control valve, disconnecting an upper hose from an upper radiator port and reconnecting the upper hose to a second external tank containing a replacement fluid. The system is sealed so that fluids are constrained for movement only within and between the engine, radiator and external tanks through the various hoses. When a pressure differential is applied within the system, fluid is forced from the automotive system into the first external tank, while automatically refilling the automotive system with the replacement fluid from the second external tank.

Abstract: A fluid exchange is provided through the wall of a canister using a clamp having a pair of jaws enabled for gripping the canister. The pair of jaws provides a tubular entry device positioned for penetrating the canister when the jaws are tightened on the canister. The entry device provides a hole cutter and a hole sealer. The pair of jaws also provides a rotational conformal surface for nesting contact with the canister so as to improve the ability of the clamp to secure itself on the canister.