Abstract: The invention relates to novel expression systems for microRNAs (miRNAs) based on the expression of the sense and antisense strand from convergent promoters. The invention also provides a method for the direct cloning of small RNAs present in an RNA preparation by the direct ligation of the small RNAs present within the preparation to vectors. Interestingly, if the vectors contain convergent promoter regions, the vectors isolated according to the method of the invention can be used for the direct expression of the small RNA without the need of using the DNA encoding for the small RNA precursor molecule.

Abstract: The composition includes fingi belonging to one or more species of fungi of the genus Trichoderma, selected from T. asperellum, T. atroviride, T. inhamatum and their mixtures, useful as an agent for the biological control of phytopathogenic organisms. The composition is suitable for protecting or treating plants and plant material against infections and diseases caused by plant pathogens, and/or to stimulate plant growth, and/or to induce systemic resistance in plants to diseases caused by phytopathogenic organisms, and/or to control biodeterioration agents of materials.