Abstract: The present disclosure relates to parametric amplifiers that can be used in the presence of a magnetic field. In particular the present disclosure relates to an integrated signal amplifier that comprises: a quantum dot; a first conductive electrode arranged in a manner such that tunnelling of electrons to the quantum dot is prevented; and a second conductive electrode arranged in a manner such tunnelling of electrons to the quantum dot is permitted. When an oscillating signal is applied across the first and second electrodes, the equivalent capacitance across the first and the second electrodes oscillates at the frequency of the oscillating signal.

Abstract: A method utilizes waste product in manufacturing, such as manufacture of filaments or micro-pellets for use in manufacturing applications such as additive manufacturing, extrusion, injection molding, blow molding and other applications.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for preventing or treating peripheral neuropathy, cognitive deficits, inactivity, depression, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy and cognitive deficits, and improving cognitive performance, in a subject in need thereof are disclosed. The disclosed methods include the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of an agent that increases the level of NAD+ in the subject.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a methodology for embedding a deterministic number of dopant atoms in a surface portion of a group IV semiconductor lattice. The methodology comprises the steps of: forming one or more lithographic sites on the surface portion; dosing, at a temperature below 100 K, the surface portion using a gas with molecules comprising the dopant atom and hydrogen atoms in a manner such that, a portion of the molecules bonds to the surface portion; and incorporating one or more dopant atoms in a respective lithographic site by transferring an amount of energy to the dopant atoms. The number of dopant atoms incorporated in a lithographic site is deterministic and related to the size of the lithographic site.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds of Formula (I) and their salts, and compositions comprising such compounds that are useful for increasing the amount of NAD+ in cells. Also disclosed are methods of using the disclosed compounds and compositions for treating, for example, diseases or disorders related to aging or stress, diabetes, obesity, mitochondrial diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, blood clotting disorders, inflammation, cancer, and/or flushing.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to methods for producing microcystin and recombinant cells capable of producing microcystin. The recombinant cells express exogenous microcystin synthase polypeptides under the control of an exogenous promoter, and further express an exogenous phosphopantethienyl transferase (PPTase). The present invention further relates to microcystin as produced in recombinant cells by the methods described herein.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a methodology for embedding a deterministic number of dopant atoms in a surface portion of a group IV semiconductor lattice. The methodology comprises the steps of: forming one or more lithographic sites on the surface portion; dosing, at a temperature below 100 K, the surface portion using a gas with molecules comprising the dopant atom and hydrogen atoms in a manner such that, a portion of the molecules bonds to the surface portion; and incorporating one or more dopant atoms in a respective lithographic site by transferring an amount of energy to the dopant atoms. The number of dopant atoms incorporated in a lithographic site is deterministic and related to the size of the lithographic site.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed a quantum processing element comprising: a semiconductor and a dielectric material forming an interface with the semiconductor; a dopant atom with nuclear spin of quantum number larger than ½ embedded in the semiconductor at a distance from the interface, at least one conductive electrode disposed in a manner such that there is at least a portion of dielectric material between the at least one conductive electrode and the dopant atom. The disclosure is also directed to a method of operating the quantum processing element comprising the steps of: applying a magnetic field to the dopant atom to separate the energies of the spin states associated with the nucleus of the dopant atom; applying a voltage to the at least one conductive electrode to generate an electric field gradient at a nucleus of the dopant atom; and encoding quantum information in the nuclear spin of the nucleus via the applied voltage.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a device for monitoring and visualising electrical activity of biological tissue. The device uses a sensor arrangement comprising a matrix of conductive sensors and a transducing element for transducing electric fields in a variation of an optical property. In use, electric fields generated by the biological tissue are sensed by the sensor arrangement and transduced by the transducing element for optical imaging.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of forming a contact for a photovoltaic (PV) cell. The method comprises the step of providing a substrate of a semiconductor material. The substrate has first regions that have a first doping property and are located at first surface portions. The method also comprises depositing a passivation layer on the surface of the substrate including the first surface portions. Further, the method comprises depositing a conductive layer on the passivation layer such that material of the passivation layer is sandwiched between the first regions and the conductive layer. In addition, the method comprises applying an electric field between the first regions and the conductive layer in a manner such that locally a dielectric breakdown of the sandwiched passivation layer material is induced.

Abstract: A vehicle, a tool carriage assembly, and a system are disclosed. The vehicle includes drive wheels and a steering assembly which are responsive to control signal(s) to substantially correct a displacement error of the vehicle relative to an intended travel path. The tool carriage assembly includes a support section operatively mounted to a main body for relative movement. The support section is adapted to have mounted thereto a tool unit comprising a tool head. In response to a displacement error of the tool head relative to the intended travel path, the support section is responsive to one or more control signals to move relative to the main body to substantially correct the displacement error of the tool head. The system includes the vehicle having the tool carriage assembly mounted thereto, and a control system for controlling the correction of the displacement errors of the vehicle and the tool head.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for generating a representation of an internal structure of an object. The method comprises the steps of providing radiation that is arranged to traverse through at least a portion of the object and directing the radiation from different angular directions through at least a portion of the object and towards an optical element, such as a lens or pin-hole. The method also comprises the step of forming a radiation exposure pattern using the optical element, the radiation exposure pattern comprising information indicative of the propagation directions and intensities of component radiation that form the radiation exposure pattern. In addition, the method comprises calculating the representation of the internal structure from the radiation exposure pattern. The method is conducted such that the radiation exposure pattern corresponds to a respective point of view of the object.

Abstract: A method of measuring fluctuations in electric fields is disclosed, the method comprising the step of: placing a Liquid Crystal Device in communication with the electric field, the device having disparate orthogonal polarization sensitivity to an external electric field; utilising an optical probe beam having a known polarization state to interrogate the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal device to produce a response beam; and analyzing the polarization state of the response beam to provide an indicator of the corresponding fluctuations in the electric field.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for digital-to-analog conversion. A digital-to-analog converter includes a sampler for resampling a digital signal and a DAC array. The DAC array includes a sequencer, a unit element activator, and an array of one-bit DACs (unit elements). The unit elements are activated in a cyclical sequence, based on the resampled digital signal. Unit elements in the sequence may be skipped, based on a disruption probability. The disruption probability may be determined randomly, or pseudo-randomly. Output signals of the unit elements are summed or averaged to form an analog signal. The converter may include a filter to filter the analog signal.

Abstract: A transconductance amplifier has a pair of input terminals and a pair of output terminals. A first pair of transconductors is connected to the input terminals and the output terminals. A second pair of transconductors has inputs connected to output terminals, and outputs connected to the opposing output terminals. A third pair of transconductors has both its inputs and its outputs connected to the output terminals. One or more of the transconductors have a control port for a control signal to adjust its transconductance. The control signal may switch the transconductance of this or these transconductors between two or more values. One or more of the transconductors in the transconductance amplifier may include a tri-state inverter, which may be enabled or disabled through a control port.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for generating a representation of an internal structure of an object. The method comprises the steps of providing radiation that is arranged to traverse through at least a portion of the object and directing the radiation from different angular directions through at least a portion of the object and towards an optical element, such as a lens or pin-hole. The method also comprises the step of forming a radiation exposure pattern using the optical element, the radiation exposure pattern comprising information indicative of the propagation directions and intensities of component radiation that form the radiation exposure pattern. In addition, the method comprises calculating the representation of the internal structure from the radiation exposure pattern. The method is conducted such that the radiation exposure pattern corresponds to a respective point of view of the object.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming an opening in a layer of a selected material. The method comprises, forming a polymer resist layer over said selected material and plasticising areas of the resist where openings are to be formed. The plasticising is performed by depositing a first solution onto the surface of said polymer resist layer, where the first solution is a plasticiser selected to increase permeability of the polymer resist layer to a second solution, in an area which has absorbed the first solution. The second solution is selected to be an etchant or solvent for the selected material. After the resist layer has been selectively plasticised, it is contacted with the second solution, which permeates the polymer resist layer in the area of increased permeability and forms an opening in the selected material.

Abstract: A solar cell comprises adjacent regions of oppositely doped semiconductor material forming a pn junction substantially parallel to front and rear surfaces of the solar cell. A surface of the semiconductor material has a plurality of depressions, with semiconductor material regions forming internal wall surface regions of the depressions being doped to the polarity of one of the semiconductor regions, with which they are in electrical communication. The wall surface regions of the depressions are isolated from the other oppositely doped semiconductor region and form contact points for a contact structure contacting the surface in which the depressions are formed. A dielectric layer is formed over the surface, the dielectric layer being thinner or non-existent in at least a portion of each depression, such that a screen printed metal contact structure formed over the dielectric layer and extending into the depressions makes contact with the semiconductor material in the depressions after sintering.

Abstract: A method of controlling pest termites. A vibrational signal which is perceptible to and behaviourally influential upon the pest termites is generated, and coupled into a medium for perception by the pest termites. Repellent termite alarm signals may be utilised. A new type of foraging signal is disclosed and may be applied to lure termites to a bait.