Abstract: A wiring substrate has a substrate body formed by a single or a plurality of insulating layers and having front and back surfaces located at opposite sides of the substrate body; a plurality of pads formed on at least one of the front surface, the back surface and an inner layer surface that is located between the front and back surfaces, and having a staggered arrangement in plan view; and a plurality of via conductors formed at each of the pads, extending in a thickness direction of the substrate body with the plurality of via conductors being parallel to each other and connecting the pads located on different surfaces. Arrangement, in plan view, of the plurality of via conductors connecting to the pad and arrangement, in plan view, of the plurality of via conductors connecting to an adjacent pad located on the same surface are different from each other.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a sensor element, metal terminals, a tubular separator holding the metal terminals, lead wires connected to rear ends of the metal terminals, and an elastic member that holds the lead wires extending rearward from the separator. Each metal terminal includes a forward end portion electrically connected to an electrode portion, a central portion, and a lead wire connection portion. The forward end portion or the central portion is held by the separator. The central portion and the lead wire connection portion are connected to each other through a neck portion. The rearward-facing rearmost surface of the central portion is engaged with a forward-facing surface of the separator, and the circumferential length of a first connection portion between the central portion and the neck portion is longer than the circumferential length of a second connection portion between the lead wire connection portion and the neck portion.

Abstract: The present invention is a sintering method of a ceramic for sintering characterized by forming a layer containing a carbon powder on a surface of an article consisting of a ceramic for sintering, and then irradiating with laser a surface of the carbon powder-containing layer of a lamination obtained.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control system (1) including an air-fuel ratio control section (3) for controlling the air-fuel ratio ? of an air-fuel mixture, an exhaust gas purifier (4); an air-fuel ratio sensor (5) whose output changes sharply when ? in the exhaust gas changes between rich and lean sides about a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio; a heater (6); and a temperature control section (7). The air-fuel ratio control section (3) controls ? based on the output of the air-fuel ratio sensor (5) using, as a target air-fuel ratio, a predetermined air-fuel ratio such that 0.980??<1.000 is satisfied, and when a change amount ?? ? is 0.008, an output difference ?V is 150 mV or smaller. The temperature control section (7) controls the temperature of the air-fuel ratio sensor (5) to a predetermined target temperature of 650° C. or higher.

Abstract: A wiring board has a metal-made base having a front surface and a back surface, an insulating frame body bonded to the front surface of the base through a bonding layer made of bonding material, a mounting area where a component is supposed to be mounted on the front surface of the base, and a restriction portion formed by a groove or a protrusion that is provided on the front surface of the base or by a combination of the groove and the protrusion. The restriction portion is arranged in at least a part of an area between the mounting area and the frame body on the front surface in plan view.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas sensor for detecting a measurement target gas in a measurement gas atmosphere, including: a first sensor element; a first installation part defining a first inner space in which the first sensor element is installed; and a casing accommodating therein the first installation part. The casing has an opening formed to introduce the measurement target gas into an inside of the casing. The first installation part has: a first gas introduction hole formed to provide communication between the first inner space and the inside of the casing; and a membrane member arranged to cover the first gas introduction hole and having permeability to water vapor and substantially no permeability to the measurement target gas. At least a portion of the first installation part in contact with the membrane member is made of insulating ceramic material or resin material.

Abstract: A multilayer piezoelectric element that expands and contracts in response to an applied voltage includes external electrodes disposed on surfaces of an element body, internal electrodes connected to the external electrodes, and piezoelectric layers laminated alternately with the internal electrodes. An electrode material used for the internal electrodes or the external electrodes contains a base material composed of Ag and Pd in a weight ratio of 60/40 to 85/15 and Pt in an amount of 0.1% to 10% by weight based on the weight of the base material. Also included is a piezoelectric actuator including the piezoelectric element and a piezoelectric transformer including the piezoelectric element.

Abstract: A spark plug including a cylindrical insulator having a step portion; a center electrode provided in an axial hole of the insulator; and a cylindrical metal shell having a ledge portion, the metal shell holding the insulator from an outer circumferential side in a state in which the step portion is engaged with the ledge portion via a packing, wherein a recess is formed on a part contacting with the packing, of one of the step portion and the ledge portion, and a projection which at least partially overlaps the recess in the axial-line direction is formed on a part contacting with the packing, of the other of the step portion and the ledge portion.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a spark plug (1) including a disposing step, a contacting step, and a deforming step. In the disposing step, a mounting screw portion (30) is inserted into a gasket (50) and the gasket (50) is disposed between the mounting screw portion (30) and a seat portion (32). In the contacting step, from a front end side, a jig (60) is brought into contact with the gasket (50) disposed by the disposing step, and the jig (60) is moved toward the rear end side until a load applied to the jig (60) from the gasket (50) reaches a predetermined set load. In the deforming step, after the contacting step, the jig (60) is further moved toward the rear end side by a predetermined set distance XS. Consequently, the gasket (50) is pressed by the jig (60) and an inner edge portion (55) of the gasket (50) is deformed inward in a radial direction of the gasket (50).

Abstract: Provided is an ionic conductor with which adhesion between particles can be enhanced simply by pressure-molding a powder without using sulfide ionic conductors and without performing firing or vapor deposition, and which can exhibit a high lithium ionic conductivity. This ionic conductor contains, in addition to an oxide lithium ionic conductor, a complex hydride.

Abstract: A spark plug that improves the heat resistance performance of an ignition plug.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a sensing element, a metal shell that is tubular and that surrounds the sensing element, and a protector made of a metal and fixed to the metal shell. A back end portion of the protector is joined to an outer surface of the metal shell to form a joined portion. A coefficient of thermal expansion of a material of the protector at 800 degrees Celsius is higher than a coefficient of thermal expansion of a material of the metal shell at 800 degrees Celsius. In a cross section of a portion of the gas sensor including the joined portion, a minimum distance t1 between the outer surface of the metal shell and an outer surface of the protector and a minimum distance t2 between the outer surface of the metal shell and an inner surface of the metal shell satisfy 0.6?(t1/t2)?2.0.

Abstract: The present invention provides spark plug that can improve detection accuracy of pre-ignition caused by flame kernel occurring inside spark plug. Terminal is located at a rear end side with respect to thread portion of metal shell. Detector electrode is provided at a portion located at a top end side with respect to a top end of contact portion between reduced diameter portion and shelf portion or packing in a space formed between outer periphery of insulator and inner periphery of the metal shell. The detector electrode and the terminal are connected by conductor. The detector electrode and the conductor are insulated from center electrode, the metal shell and ground electrode. Since the detector electrode is located in the space between the outer periphery of the insulator and the inner periphery of the metal shell, an early detection of the flame kernel occurring in this space can be possible.

Abstract: A spark plug capable of avoiding a discharge member bonded to a base material from peeling off easily is provided. The spark plug includes: a first electrode including a base material and a discharge member having at least a portion thereof bonded to the base material with a diffusing layer interposed therebetween; and a second electrode facing the discharge member with a spark gap interposed therebetween. The base material contains 50 mass % or more of Ni, 8 mass % or more and 40 mass % or less of Cr, 0.05 mass % or more and 2 mass % or less of Si, 0.01 mass % or more and 2 mass % or less of Al, 0.01 mass % or more and 2 mass % or less of Mn, 0.01 mass % or more and 0.1 mass % or less of C, and 0.001 mass % or more and 0.04 mass % or less of Fe.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ammonia sensor element for detecting ammonia in a gas under measurement, including two mixed-potential-type ammonia detection cells that respectively include first and second ammonia detection electrodes. The first ammonia detection electrode has a metal composition containing Au as a predominant component. The second ammonia detection electrode has a metal composition containing Au as a predominant component. The metal compositions of the first and second ammonia detection electrodes are different from each other.

Abstract: A NOx sensor control device is connected to a NOx sensor mounted in an internal combustion engine. The NOx sensor has a detection cell configured to detect a NOx concentration and having a solid electrolyte body and a pair of electrodes provided on a surface of the solid electrolyte body and a heater heating the detection cell. The NOx sensor control device has a heater control unit. The heater control unit is configured to, at a time when an operation of the internal combustion engine stops, perform a recovery control of the NOx sensor which is an electric current control of the heater for removing SOx adsorbed to the NOx sensor.

Abstract: A sensor element (100) including a measurement chamber (89); a pump cell (83) including a solid electrolyte body (69), an inner electrode (101), and an outer electrode (99); and a reference cell (85). At least one electrode contains a noble metal and a component of the solid electrolyte body. In a cross section, the at least one electrode has a noble metal region (205), a solid electrolyte body region (203), and a coexistence region (207) in which the noble metal and the component of the solid electrolyte body coexist. Further, in the cross section, an area ratio SR of the coexistence region is not less than 15.5% and is less than 30%.

Abstract: A holding device includes: a plate-shaped member having a first surface approximately orthogonal to a first direction; heat generating resistors and temperature measuring resistors disposed in respective segments formed by virtually dividing at least part of the plate-shaped member, the segments being arranged in a direction orthogonal to the first direction; and an electricity supply section that forms electricity supply paths for the heat generating resistors and the temperature measuring resistors. The holding device holds an object on the first surface of the plate-shaped member. The position of the temperature measuring resistors in the first direction differs from the position of the heat generating resistors in the first direction. A specific temperature measuring resistor that is at least one of the temperature measuring resistors includes a plurality of resistor elements disposed at different positions in the first direction and connected to one another in series.

Abstract: In the spark plug, an insulator is held by a metal shell via a packing. The packing includes a base material and a metal layer formed on a surface of the base material. In a cross section including the axial line, of distances between end points of the metal layer on a first contact surface of the insulator that contacts with the metal layer and first points which are intersections of the first contact surface and first perpendiculars extending to the first contact surface from first corners at which a first surface and third surfaces of the base material intersect each other is longer than a thickness of the metal layer at a middle position on the third surface that corresponds to half a length measured along the third surface.

Abstract: A heating device includes a base body that has a placement surface for placing a wafer thereon and a back surface that is on an opposite side of the placement surface; a heating resistor that is embedded in the base body; a cylindrical supporting body that has one end surface and the other end surface, the one end surface being connected to the back surface of the base body, the other end surface being on an opposite side of the one end surface; and a supporting-body channel that includes a portion extending in a direction from the other end surface to the one end surface of the cylindrical supporting body, and that is formed within a peripheral wall of the cylindrical supporting body. The supporting-body channel includes an opening portion that opens inwardly from an outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical supporting body.