Abstract: In one preferred aspects, methods are provided to produce a three-dimensional feature, comprising: (a) providing a nano-manipulator device; (b) positioning an article with the nano-manipulator device; and (c) manipulating the article to produce the three-dimensional feature. The invention relates to production of nanoscale systems that can be tailored with specific physical and/or electrical characteristics or need to have these characteristics modified. Methods and apparatus are presented that can construct three-dimensional nanostructures and can also modify existing nanostructures in three dimensions.