Abstract: Provided is a detector capable of appropriately and highly accurately detecting radiation even under an environment where a wide range of radiation is irradiated. The radiation detector is configured in such a manner that a plurality of light receiving devices are arranged in each cell of a scintillator that is divided into a plurality of cells, photoelectric conversion of scintillation light emitted by each individual cell is dividedly performed by the plurality of light receiving devices to reduce a charge amount of an output signal of each light receiving device, and the output signals are input into an integrated circuit to generate a radiation detection signal of each cell.

Abstract: Provided is a scintillator having a crystal containing CsI (cesium iodide) as a host material thereof and thallium (Tl) and bismuth (Bi), and a novel scintillator which maintains a high output and simultaneously can further enhance the afterglow characteristics. There is proposed a scintillator having a crystal containing CsI (cesium iodide) as a host material thereof and Tl, Bi and O, wherein the concentration a of Bi with respect to Cs in the crystal is 0.001 atomic ppm?a?5 atomic ppm; and the ratio (a/b) of the concentration a of Bi with respect to Cs in the crystal to the concentration b of O with respect to I in the crystal is 0.005×10?4 to 200×10?4.

Abstract: A fluorite having all the more excellent laser durability compared to a conventional fluorite is provided. A fluorite is proposed, in which the standard deviation of the surface areas of the Voronoi regions in a diagram from a Voronoi decomposition of the distribution of etch-pits in the (111) plane is 6,000 ?m2 or less, or, in which the standard deviation of the distances of the Delaunay edges in a diagram from a Delaunay decomposition of the distribution of etch-pits of the (111) plane is 80 ?m or less.

Abstract: A fluorite with excellent laser durability is provided by devising a heat-treatment method for CaF2 crystal. A fluorite production method is proposed, wherein heat-treatment is carried out by providing, through compartment walls in the periphery of a fluorite crystal, a fluoride gas trap layer containing a fluoride gas-adsorbing material.

Abstract: An afterglow property of cesium iodide: thallium (CsI:Tl), in which CsI is a host material and doped with thallium, is improved. It is possible to improve the afterglow property of a scintillator by doping a crystal material including CsI (cesium iodide), as a host material, and thallium (Tl), as a luminescent center, with bismuth (Bi).

Abstract: A fluorite having all the more excellent laser durability compared to a conventional fluorite is provided. A fluorite is proposed, in which the standard deviation of the surface areas of the Voronoi regions in a diagram from a Voronoi segmentation of the distribution of etch-pits in the (111) plane is 6,000 ?m2 or less, or, in which the standard deviation of the distances of the Delaunay edges in a diagram from a Delaunay segmentation of the distribution of etch-pits of the (111) plane is 80 ?m or less.

Abstract: A fluorite having all the more excellent laser durability compared to a conventional fluorite is provided. A fluorite is proposed, in which the standard deviation of the surface areas of the Voronoi regions in a diagram from a Voronoi decomposition of the distribution of etch-pits in the (111) plane is 6,000 ?m2 or less, or, in which the standard deviation of the distances of the Delaunay edges in a diagram from a Delaunay decomposition of the distribution of etch-pits of the (111) plane is 80 ?m or less.

Abstract: A fluorite having all the more excellent laser durability compared to a conventional fluorite is provided. A fluorite is proposed, in which the standard deviation of the surface areas of the Voronoi regions in a diagram from a Voronoi decomposition of the distribution of etch-pits in the (111) plane is 6,000 ?m2 or less, or, in which the standard deviation of the distances of the Delaunay edges in a diagram from a Delaunay decomposition of the distribution of etch-pits of the (111) plane is 80 ?m or less.

Abstract: A fluorite with excellent laser durability is provided by devising a heat-treatment method for CaF2 crystal. A fluorite production method is proposed, wherein heat-treatment is carried out by providing, through compartment walls in the periphery of a fluorite crystal, a fluoride gas trap layer containing a fluoride gas-adsorbing material.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a photo detector that can be arranged in a matrix pattern (in a three-dimensional pattern) and a photo detection apparatus in which the photo detectors are arranged in a matrix pattern (in a three-dimensional pattern). In a photo detector for generating an electrical signal based on the intensity of a light received by a photo detection element, the photo detector comprises a flexible wiring substrate for mounting the photo detection element and the photo detection element electrically connected to the flexible wiring substrate for mounting the photo detection element.

Abstract: A group of scintillator elements that convert an incident radiation into a light is one-dimensionally arranged. A photodiode array includes a group of photodiode elements that are arranged corresponding to arrangement positions of the respective scintillator elements, with detection surfaces formed substantially parallel to the incidence direction of the radiation. A reflection thin film is formed on a rear surface of the photodiode array in such a manner that the reflection thin film covers surfaces of the scintillator elements of the scintillator array that is fixed adjacent to the photodiode array.

Abstract: In the component of a radiation detector, an upper end face of a pad formation protrusion provided on an upper surface of an MID substrate is equal in height to an upper surface of a photodiode array, first pads are provided on upper surfaces of photodiodes arranged in the photodiode array, respectively, second pads are provided on the upper end face of the pad formation protrusion, a bonding wire is provided between one of the first pads and corresponding one of the second pads, a wiring pattern is provided on the upper surface of the MID substrate, first terminals as many as the second pads and one second terminal are provided on a lower surface of the MID substrate, the second pads and the first terminals are electrically connected to one another in a one-to-one correspondence, and the wiring pattern is electrically connected to the second terminal.

Abstract: In the component of a radiation detector, an upper end face of a pad formation protrusion provided on an upper surface of an MID substrate is equal in height to an upper surface of a photodiode array, first pads are provided on upper surfaces of photodiodes arranged in the photodiode array, respectively, second pads are provided on the upper end face of the pad formation protrusion, a bonding wire is provided between one of the first pads and corresponding one of the second pads, a wiring pattern is provided on the upper surface of the MID substrate, first terminals as many as the second pads and one second terminal are provided on a lower surface of the MID substrate, the second pads and the first terminals are electrically connected to one another in a one-to-one correspondence, and the wiring pattern is electrically connected to the second terminal.

Abstract: A plurality of optical transducers converts the first radiation to a first light having a first wavelength, and converts the second radiation to a second light having a second wavelength. A shielding unit is arranged between the optical transducers to shield the first radiation, the second radiation, the first light, and the second light. A plurality of first photoelectric converters that corresponds to each of the optical transducers outputs a first electrical signal based on intensity of the first light. A plurality of second photoelectric converters that corresponds to each of the optical transducers outputs a second electrical signal based on intensity of the second light.

Abstract: A plurality of optical transducers converts the first radiation to a first light having a first wavelength, and converts the second radiation to a second light having a second wavelength. A shielding unit is arranged between the optical transducers to shield the first radiation, the second radiation, the first light, and the second light. A plurality of first photoelectric converters that corresponds to each of the optical transducers outputs a first electrical signal based on intensity of the first light. A plurality of second photoelectric converters that corresponds to each of the optical transducers outputs a second electrical signal based on intensity of the second light.

Abstract: In the component of a radiation detector, an upper end face of a pad formation protrusion provided on an upper surface of an MID substrate is equal in height to an upper surface of a photodiode array, first pads are provided on upper surfaces of photodiodes arranged in the photodiode array, respectively, second pads are provided on the upper end face of the pad formation protrusion, a bonding wire is provided between one of the first pads and corresponding one of the second pads, a wiring pattern is provided on the upper surface of the MID substrate, first terminals as many as the second pads and one second terminal are provided on a lower surface of the MID substrate, the second pads and the first terminals are electrically connected to one another in a one-to-one correspondence, and the wiring pattern is electrically connected to the second terminal.

Abstract: In the component of a radiation detector, an upper end face of a pad formation protrusion provided on an upper surface of an MID substrate is equal in height to an upper surface of a photodiode array, first pads are provided on upper surfaces of photodiodes arranged in the photodiode array, respectively, second pads are provided on the upper end face of the pad formation protrusion, a bonding wire is provided between one of the first pads and corresponding one of the second pads, a wiring pattern is provided on the upper surface of the MID substrate, first terminals as many as the second pads and one second terminal are provided on a lower surface of the MID substrate, the second pads and the first terminals are electrically connected to one another in a one-to-one correspondence, and the wiring pattern is electrically connected to the second terminal.

Abstract: In the component of a radiation detector, an upper end face of a pad formation protrusion provided on an upper surface of an MID substrate is equal in height to an upper surface of a photodiode array, first pads are provided on upper surfaces of photodiodes arranged in the photodiode array, respectively, second pads are provided on the upper end face of the pad formation protrusion, a bonding wire is provided between one of the first pads and corresponding one of the second pads, a wiring pattern is provided on the upper surface of the MID substrate, first terminals as many as the second pads and one second terminal are provided on a lower surface of the MID substrate, the second pads and the first terminals are electrically connected to one another in a one-to-one correspondence, and the wiring pattern is electrically connected to the second terminal.

Abstract: In the component of a radiation detector, an upper end face of a pad formation protrusion provided on an upper surface of an MID substrate is equal in height to an upper surface of a photodiode array, first pads are provided on upper surfaces of photodiodes arranged in the photodiode array, respectively, second pads are provided on the upper end face of the pad formation protrusion, a bonding wire is provided between one of the first pads and corresponding one of the second pads, a wiring pattern is provided on the upper surface of the MID substrate, first terminals as many as the second pads and one second terminal are provided on a lower surface of the MID substrate, the second pads and the first terminals are electrically connected to one another in a one-to-one correspondence, and the wiring pattern is electrically connected to the second terminal.

Abstract: In the component of a radiation detector, an upper end face of a pad formation protrusion provided on an upper surface of an MID substrate is equal in height to an upper surface of a photodiode array, first pads are provided on upper surfaces of photodiodes arranged in the photodiode array, respectively, second pads are provided on the upper end face of the pad formation protrusion, a bonding wire is provided between one of the first pads and corresponding one of the second pads, a wiring pattern is provided on the upper surface of the MID substrate, first terminals as many as the second pads and one second terminal are provided on a lower surface of the MID substrate, the second pads and the first terminals are electrically connected to one another in a one-to-one correspondence, and the wiring pattern is electrically connected to the second terminal.