Abstract: An optical element of the present invention comprises a fluorite substrate 1, and a lanthanum fluoride film 2 formed directly on the substrate 1. The substrate 1, on which the lanthanum fluoride film 2 is formed, has a plane which is a (111) plane or a plane inclined by an angle within ±30 degrees, preferably within 15 degrees from the (111) plane. Therefore, the lanthanum fluoride film undergoes the crystal growth subjected to the C-axis orientation on the optical substrate. Since the lanthanum fluoride film is dense and has a small surface area, it scarcely involves the oxidation and hydroxylation areas as well as the structural defect. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the optical loss of the optical element in the vacuum ultraviolet region.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium, having information recorded along a track going from the inner circumference to the outer circumference, a lead-in region storing information relating to the recorded data contents of a program region, the program region where data is recorded, and a lead-out region which shows an end of the track, wherein the track pitch of the lead-out region is made narrower than the track pitch of the lead-in region and the program region.

Abstract: A device has a visible light emitting element for emitting visible light, an infrared light emitting element for emitting infrared light, a board including a first mounting portion on which elements including at least the visible light emitting element are mounted in array and a second mounting portion on which elements including at least the infrared light emitting element are mounted in array, and a dichroic mirror which is configured and disposed to reflect light emitted by the visible light emitting element mounted on the first mounting portion by its first surface, reflect light emitted by the infrared light emitting element mounted on the second mounting portion by its second surface, and send light beams coming from the first and second surfaces onto a common optical path.

Abstract: A humanoid detector for detecting a humanoid in a surveillance area that substantially reduces false intruder indications by having two types of sensors that provide two types of information of the surveillance area, is disclosed. A first sensor detects light images and determines a size of a moving object within the surveillance area and compares the size of detected moving objects to a threshold size to reduce intruder detection caused by small animals. A second sensor detects infrared radiation from the surveillance area provides a detected infrared radiation signal. A decision circuit receives the sensor signals and provides a decision signal that indicates a human intruder in the surveillance area when, simultaneously, the size of the moving body is greater than that of a small animal and the detected infrared radiation indicates that the moving body is a heat producing body.