Abstract: Provided is a biochemical reaction substrate which can achieve higher test sensitivity and shorter testing time in an allergy test, which can also reduce a required amount of blood or the like needed as a specimen and decrease the number of test steps, thereby facilitating performance of the test, and which is to be used in an allergy test in which infection risk of the test staff is reduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a food composition or pharmaceutical composition which includes, as an active ingredient, citric acid or a salt thereof. Ingestion or administration of the food composition or pharmaceutical composition leads to suppression of alcohol sickness or hangover due to alcoholic beverage ingestion; suppression of an increase in blood alcohol level, an increase in blood acetaldehyde level, or an increase in blood acetic acid level due to alcoholic beverage ingestion; suppression of a decrease in blood pyruvic acid level due to alcoholic beverage ingestion; suppression of an abnormal blood lactic acid/pyruvic acid ratio due to alcoholic beverage ingestion; suppression of an increase in blood alcohol level immediately after alcohol ingestion; suppression of alcohol absorption; promotion of alcohol metabolism; or an increase in blood ornithine level, blood serotonin level, blood taurine level, blood cystine level, or blood nicotine amide level.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a medicine for preventing or treating pain in nociceptive pain, inflammatory pain, or neuropathic pain, the medicine comprising, as an active ingredient, a compound having a P2X4 receptor antagonist action, a tautomer of the compound, a stereoisomer thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a hydrate thereof, or a solvate thereof. The medicine has no effect on driving or machine operation ability, has no effect on car driving ability, does not require any restriction to administration thereof to a patient engaging in operation of a dangerous machine including driving a car, or can be administered to a patient engaging in operation of a dangerous machine including driving a car.

Abstract: Provided is a metabolism improving agent that contains, for example, an alkalizing agent such as an acidosis improving agent or a urinary alkalizing agent as an active ingredient, and has actions such as improvement of insulin resistance, improvement of pituitary and adrenal functions, and reduction of visceral fat accumulation.

Abstract: A morphinan derivative represented by the following general formula (I): wherein R1 represents hydrogen, C1-10 alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, etc.; R2 represents heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group; Y binds to a carbon atom as a ring-constituting atom of R2; R3, R4, and R5 represent hydrogen, hydroxy, etc.; R6a and R6b represent hydrogen, etc.; R7 and R8 represent hydrogen, etc.; R9 and Rio, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen, etc.; X represents O or CH2; and Y represents C(?O)); a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof is used as an anxiolytic drug, antidepressant, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a food composition comprising an alkalinizing agent, particularly an alkali metal salt of citric acid. Ingestion of the food composition maintains kidney function.

Abstract: A morphinan derivative represented by the following general formula (I): wherein R1 represents hydrogen, C1-10 alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, etc.; R2 represents heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group; Y binds to a carbon atom as a ring-constituting atom of R2; R3, R4, and R5 represent hydrogen, hydroxy, etc.; R6a and R6b represent hydrogen, etc.; R7 and R9 represent hydrogen, etc.; R9 and R10, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen, etc.; X represents O or CH2; and Y represents C(?O)); a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof is used as an anxiolytic drug, antidepressant, etc.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a medicament for preventing or treating cough, including, as an active ingredient, a compound having P2X4 receptor antagonistic action, a tautomer, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a hydrate or solvate thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a diazepine derivative represented by the following general formula (I) (in the formula, R1 and R2 represent hydrogen atom and the like, or R1 and R2 bind together to form a naphthalene ring and the like together with the benzene ring to which they bind, R3 and R4 represent hydrogen atom and the like, R5 represents hydrogen atom and the like, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen atom and the like, X represents C, CH or N, Y represents N, NH or C(?O), provided that when X is N, Y is not N or NH, and when X is C or CH, Y is not C(?O), Z represents oxygen atom or sulfur atom, A represents benzene ring and the like, B represents NHC(?O) and the like, D represents an atomic bond and the like, E represents an atomic bond and the like, G represents benzene which may be substituted and the like, and m represents an integer of 0 to 5) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, and a P2X4 receptor antagonist.

Abstract: The present invention provides a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for giant cell tumors occurring in a bone and soft tissue or for chondrosarcoma, which comprises a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent or thiazolidine derivative as an active ingredient, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides an agent for prophylactic treatment, therapeutic treatment, or prevention of metastasis of giant cell tumor occurring in a bone and soft tissue, chondrosarcoma, or bone sarcoma, a local infusion for artery embolization, and an artificial bone, which comprises a substance having a PPAR?-agonistic activity and/or a PPAR? expression-inducing activity as an active ingredient. The agent for prophylactic treatment, therapeutic treatment, or prevention of metastasis, the local infusion for artery embolization, and the artificial bone of the present invention are a radical therapeutic agent or radical therapeutic material that can cause apoptosis in giant cell tumor occurring in a bone and soft tissue, chondrosarcoma, or bone sarcoma to make the tumor disappear, and can induce differentiation of the tumor into fat cells to make the tumor disappear.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a diazepine derivative represented by the following general formula (I) (in the formula, R1 and R2 represent hydrogen atom and the like, or R1 and R2 bind together to form a naphthalene ring and the like together with the benzene ring to which they bind, R3 and R4 represent hydrogen atom and the like, R5 represents hydrogen atom and the like, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen atom and the like, X represents C, CH or N, Y represents N, NH or C(?O), provided that when X is N, Y is not N or NH, and when X is C or CH, Y is not C(?O), Z represents oxygen atom or sulfur atom, A represents benzene ring and the like, B represents NHC(?O) and the like, D represents an atomic bond and the like, E represents an atomic bond and the like, G represents benzene which may be substituted and the like, and m represents an integer of 0 to 5) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, and a P2X4 receptor antagonist.

Abstract: A morphinan derivative represented by the following general formula (I): wherein R1 represents hydrogen, C1-10 alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, etc.; R2 represents heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group; Y binds to a carbon atom as a ring-constituting atom of R2; R3, R4, and R5 represent hydrogen, hydroxy, etc.; R6a and R6b represent hydrogen, etc.; R7 and R8 represent hydrogen, etc.; R9 and Rio, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen, etc.; X represents O or CH2; and Y represents C(?O)); a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof is used as an anxiolytic drug, antidepressant, etc.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the following general formula (I), which has a P2X4 receptor antagonistic activity (in the formula, R1, R2 and R3 represent hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, and the like, X represents C or N, Y represents N or C(?O), provided that when X is C, Y represents N, and when X is N, Y represents C(?O), the double line consisting of the solid line and the broken line represents a single bond or double bond, n represents an integer of 0 to 6, Z represents O, S, or an atomic bond, and A represents benzene ring, pyridine ring, and the like).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a morphinan derivative that exhibits an opioid ? receptor agonist activity. By administering the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention, opioid ? receptor related diseases (for example, headache) can be treated or prevented.

Abstract: A morphinan derivative represented by the following general formula (I): (wherein R1 represents hydrogen, C1-10 alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, etc., R2 represents heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group, Y binds to a carbon atom as a ring-constituting atom of R2, R3, R4, and R5 represent hydrogen; hydroxy, etc., R6a and R6b represent hydrogen, etc., R7 and R8 represent hydrogen, etc., R9 and R10, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen, etc., X represents O or CH2, and Y represents C(?O)), a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof is used as an anxiolytic drug, antidepressant, etc.

Abstract: A medicament for prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatment of dementia, which comprises a compound represented by the formula (I) having a xanthine oxidase inhibitory action as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A wound-healing agent is provided by using a benzisoxazole compound represented by the following general formula (I), a tautomer, a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, a solvate of any of the foregoing, or the like, which exerts a PPAR? agonist effect.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula (I) or the formula (II) disclosed in the specification is a GPR119 agonist, and is used as an agent for treating diabetes: wherein one of T1, T2, T3, and T4 is N, and each of the other three independently is CR4 or, in the alternative, each of the four independently is CR4; each of R2 and R3 is hydrogen or a C1-8 alkyl group; the double line consisting of a solid line and a broken line means a single or double bond; A is (CH2)m, a bond, or the like; B is (C(R5)H)n, a bond, or the like; one of U and V is N, and the other is CR7; W is C or CR8; each of X and Y is a C1-3 alkylene group, which optionally has a halogen atom, hydroxyl etc.; Z is C(O)OR9, C(O)R10, or the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for giant cell tumors occurring in a bone and soft tissue or for chondrosarcoma, which comprises a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent or thiazolidine derivative as an active ingredient, and the like.