Abstract: A low load burning burner comprising inner air flow nozzles, outer air flow nozzles and a fuel gas nozzle, and further having a motive air supply means, which is operated at the low load burning of a heating furnace, can maintain the furnace temperature uniform, and can heat materials arranged in the width direction of the furnace to a uniform temperature along the width direction of the furnace.

Abstract: The flow of fluid in a field of flow entailing a combustion or reaction is simulated in a model water tank by a flow of water containing a large volume of fine, uniform air bubbles made visible by projecting a slit light upon the same and then analyzing and comparing the irregular reflection obtained with standard values for the purpose of determining changes in flow, velocity of flow, and like changes, and for predicting changes.

Abstract: The measurement of the velocity of a flow in a water flow model, characterized by conducting into a model water tank water containing a large volume of fine, uniform air bubbles to form a simulated field of flow; projecting a slit of light on said field of flow; photographing the slit of light beams with a television camera and displaying said photographed beams of light on the screen of a monitor television set; measuring changes of said displayed, irregularly reflected beams of light at two close points with two photosensors on said screen; determining a time interval in the changes of irregularly reflected beams of light at said two close points and finding the velocity of said flow with said time interval taken as defining the duration required for the pictured aggregate of air bubbles to move from one to the other of said two photosensors.