Abstract: Superior bendability in a copper alloy and further strength improvement ensures characteristics which are sufficiently superior in view of essential qualities of strength of titanium-copper. 2.0 to 4.0 mass % of Ti, 0.01 to 0.50 mass % of one or more than one kind of element from among Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, V, Zr, B, and P as the third element group are contained, and not less than 50% of the total content of these elements is made to exist as second-phase particles.

Abstract: A method for producing a brown coated article, wherein an iron substrate is dipped at a temperature of from 430.degree. to 600.degree. C. in a molten Zn plating bath containing from 0.05 to 1% by weight of Mn, so as to zinc hot-dip galvanize the same, a heat treatment is carried out to convert the Zn-Mn phase formed by the zinc hot-dip galvanizing to a Zn-Mn-Fe phase, and subsequently the zinc hot-dip galvanizing layer is brought into contact with an acidic aqueous solution containing an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: The invention provides (1) a titanium alloy with excellent corrosion resistance consisting essentially of 10-40 wt % of Mo, 0.1-15 wt % of Cr, and the balance of Ti and unavoidable impurities and (2) a titanium alloy according to (1) which further contains 0.01-2.0 wt % (in total) of Ru, Ir, Os, Pd, Pt, or/and Rh. The addition of Mo allows Ti-based alloys to form on the surface a protective film with a high concentration of Mo, whereby their corrosion resistance in non-oxidizing acids, such as hydrochloric and sulfuric acids, is markedly improved. In environments where oxidants are present, even but a few ppm in amount, Mo comes out in solution, seriously affecting the corrosion resistance of the alloys. To avoid this, Cr must also be added. The addition of Cr helps keep Mo from dissolving out and thereby prevent the deterioration of corrosion resistance by the action of oxidants in the environments. The platinum group elements, singly or in combination, further improve the corrosion resistance.

Abstract: There is provided a method of producing a refractory metal or refractory metal-based alloy material by electron beam cold hearth remelting which comprises melting and casting a meltable electrode, characterized in that the electrode used for electron beam cold hearth remelting is made by enveloping a material of refractory metal or refractory metal-based alloy to be melted with an enclosure formed from a metallic material having a higher vapor pressure than said particular refractory metal or from a metallic material which includes component or components having a higher vapor pressure than said particular refractory metal. The evaporation loss of the alloy component or components of the refractory metal-based alloy is compensated for with said metallic material or component(s) of the enclosure or otherwise any metallic material or component(s) of the enclosure provides at least a partial addition of the alloy component or components of the refractory metal-based alloy.