Abstract: Carbon fiber including graphitized fiber is processed electrochemically in an acidic solution for a time sufficient to run a layer reaction such that the reaction extends to the inside of the fiber and thereafter, as required, heat-treated accurately at 100° C. or more to expand layer spacing to form multifibrous carbon fiber, with which hydrogen is brought into contact, adsorbing hydrogen in the inside of the multifibrous carbon fiber.

Abstract: The electrochromic devices have an ion conductive layer formed by curing a composition comprising a bipyridinium compound represented by the formula a specific metallocene compound and a precursor of a polymeric solid electrolyte, between two electrically conductive substrates, at least one of which is transparent.

Abstract: Lubricating oil compositions comprise a lubricating base oil and (A) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (1) below and compounds represented by formula (2) below: wherein R2, R1, R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, X1, X2, X3 and X4 are each independently oxygen or sulfur, but at least one of them is oxygen, and Y1 is a metal atom; and wherein R11 and R12 are each independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, X11 and X12are each independently oxygen or sulfur, but at least one of them is oxygen, U is a monovalent metal ion, an ammonium ion or a proton, and k1 is an integer of 1 to 20. Lubricating oil compositions have excellent anti-wear properties and base number maintaining properties.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions comprises a lubricant base oil and one or more compounds resulting the modification of a succinimide represented by formula (1) or (2) 1

Abstract: Engine oil compositions are provided containing (A) a lubricating base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 3 to 6 mm2/S, a viscosity index of 120 or more, and a total aromatic content of 5 percent by mass or less and (B) a polymethacrylate-based viscosity index improver, preferably having a weight average molecular weight of 180,000 or more, (A) and (B) being blended in such an amount that the composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 4.0 to 9.3 mm2/s. The engine oil compositions may also contain a molybdenumdithiocarbamate, as well as one or more other engine oil additives. The engine oil compositions preferably have a high-temperature, high shear viscosity at 150° C. of 2.4 to 2.7 mPa·s, a NOACK evaporation loss of 16 percent by mass or less, and a CCS viscosity at −25° C. of 3500 mPa·s or less.

Abstract: A traction drive fluid is provided containing a naphthenic compound represented by the formula: wherein R1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R2 through R4 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and A is a naphthenic hydrocarbon group, a saturated polycyclic hydrocarbon group, a naphthenic ester group, or a naphthenic carbonate group.

Abstract: An electrochromic element comprises an ion conduction layer between two conducting substrates, at least one of which is transparent. The ion conduction layer contains an organic compounds, which has both a structure exhibiting a cathodic electrochromic characteristic and a structure exhibiting an anodic electrochromic characteristic.

Abstract: An engine oil composition characterized by containing a major amount of lubricating base oil and (a) 0.01 to 30% by weight of an overbasic oil-soluble metal salt prepared by use of an alkaline-earth metal borate, (b) 0.01 to 5% by weight of a molybdenum dithiocarbamate, and (c) 0.01 to 5% by weight of an antioxidant as essential components, on the basis of the total amount of the composition.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline film which functions suitably as a polarization rotating lattice is provided. The liquid crystalline film is characterized in that a cholesteric orientation or a chiral smectic C orientation, in which helical axis is not uniformly parallel in the thickness direction of the film nor is helix pitch of helices uniformly equal in the film thickness direction, is formed in a certain region of the film.

Abstract: An authenticity identifying film (10) has a reflective film (11) having a circularly polarized light selectivity to reflect at least only either of right-handed circularly polarized light and left-handed circularly polarized light of incident light to produce reflected light. The reflective film (11) is provided with a hologram forming part (11a). The hologram forming part (11a) reflects circularly polarized light of the same circular polarization as that of the reflected light in a direction different from that of the reflected light to form a holographic image. The reflected light reflected by the reflective film (11) and the holographic image formed by the hologram forming part (11a) are detected by detectors disposed at different positions, respectively.

Abstract: Engine oil compositions are provided containing (A) a lubricating base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 3 to 6 mm2/S, a viscosity index of 120 or more, and a total aromatic content of 5 percent by mass or less and (B) a polymethacrylate-based viscosity index improver, preferably having a weight average molecular weight of 180,000 or more, (A) and (B) being blended in such an amount that the composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 4.0 to 9.3 mm2/s. The engine oil compositions may also contain a molybdenumdithiocarbamate, as well as one or more other engine oil additives. The engine oil compositions preferably have a high temperature, high shear viscosity at 150° C. of 2.4 to 2.7 mPa·s, a NOACK evaporation loss of 16 percent by mass or less, and a CCS viscosity at −25° C. of 3500 mPa·s or less.

Abstract: A refrigerator oil for use in compressors using therein a hydrogen-containing halogenocarbon as a refrigerant, consisting essentially of as a base oil at least one kind of an ester selected from the group consisting of a specific pentaerythritol ester such as an ester of pentaerythritol with a mono- or dicarboxylic acid, a specific polyol ester such as an ester of trimethylolethane with a mono- or dicarboxylic acid, a specific ester such as an ester of ethylene glycol and a dicarboxylic acid, and a specific polyol ester synthesized from a neopentyl type polyhydric alcohol, a monocarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic acid; and further comprising at least one kind of an epoxy compound.

Abstract: A reflection liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal cell where a liquid crystal layer is provided between two opposed electrode substrates, a reflecting layer, and a cholesteric liquid crystal film, characterized in that the ratio (SCE/SCI) of the specular component excluded-refelctance (SCE) to the specular component included-reflectance (SCI) of the cholesteric liquid crystal film is 15% or more, the wavelenght bandwidth of the cholesteric selective reflection ranges from 30 mm to 150 nm, and the center wavelength of the cholesteric selective reflection is in the visible range of 380-780 nm or in the near-infared range of 800-2000 nm.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions comprise a lubricant base oil, and (A) a mono substituted amide type bissuccinimide in an amount from 0.5 to 20 percent by mass, (B) zinc dithiophosphate in an amount from 0.05 to 0.3 percent by mass of phosphorus, and (C) a metal-based detergent in an amount form 0.5 to 4.0 percent by mass of sulfated ash, based on the total mass of the composition. Lubricant compositions preferably further comprises (D) a dispersant type viscosity index improver in an amount from 0.1 to 20 percent by mass, based on the total mass of the composition.

Abstract: Autothermal reforming catalysts comprises rhodium supported on a support containing 5 to 40 percent by mass of a cerium oxide or rare earth element oxide which is composed principally of a cerium oxide, 60 to 95 percent by mass of an aluminum oxide, and 0 to 10 percent by mass in terms of metal of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of an alkaline metal and an alkaline earth metal, the atomic ratio of cerium and rhodium (Ce/Rh) being 1 to 250.

Abstract: Autothermal reforming catalysts comprises ruthenium supported on a support containing 5 to 40 percent by mass of a cerium oxide or rare earth element oxide which is composed principally of a cerium oxide, 60 to 95 percent by mass of an aluminum oxide, and 0 to 10 percent by mass in terms of metal of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of an alkaline metal and an alkaline earth metal, the atomic ratio of cerium and rhodium (Ce/Rh) being 1 to 250.

Abstract: An electrochromic element composed of an ionically conductive substance layer containing a specified electrochromic substance sandwiched between two electrically conductive substrates at least one of which is transparent.

Abstract: A light-diffusible liquid crystalline film having a fixed cholesteric or chiral smectic C orientation in which the helical axis direction is not uniformly parallel to the film thickness direction, as well as a liquid crystalline film having a fixed cholesteric or chiral smectic C orientation in which the helical axis direction is not uniformly parallel to the film thickness direction nor is the helix pitch uniformly equal in the film thickness direction, are provided.

Abstract: An electrochromic mirror includes a transparent conductive substrate, a reflective conductive substrate, and an ion conductive layer disposed between the transparent conductive substrate and reflective conductive substrate. A highly conductive layer is provided on a conductive surface of at least one of the conductive substrates on a portion of the surface near its peripheral edge. The highly conductive layer has a smaller resistance than the surface resistance of the conductive surface upon which it is disposed.

Abstract: An electrochromic element composed of an ionically conductive substance layer containing a specified electrochromic substance sandwiched between two electrically conductive substrates at least one of which is transparent.