Abstract: A lens function-including optical lens according to the present invention is constituted by: at least one step-index optical fiber; and at least one gradient index optical fiber having an outer diameter equal to that of the step-index optical fiber and having a periodic length exhibiting a lens function, the gradient index optical fiber being joined or attached to an end surface of the step-index optical fiber. The present invention is especially effective in a single mode optical fiber which is typical of the step-index optical fiber. The gradient index optical fiber can be produced by an ion exchange method.

Abstract: An optical circuit is designed with demultiplexing and optical detection functionality with minimal crosstalk. An Nth order harmonic generation device is positioned before the demultiplexer to either convert the frequency or down convert the wavelength of the demultiplexed light wave by N-times. Upconverting the multiplexed signal at the receiver station is performed by either simultaneously upconverting N-times to create N times the original spacing between each optical channel or by upconverting the frequency of one optical channel at a time.

Abstract: A glass has greenish color shade, a medium visible light transmittance, a low solar energy transmittance, and a low ultraviolet transmittance, and is suitable for a rear window of a vehicle arranged next to an ultraviolet/infrared absorbent glass with high light transmittance. The glass is formed of a base glass including 65 to 80 wt. % SiO2, 0 to 5 wt. %, Al2O3; 2 to 10 wt. % MgO, 5 to 15 wt. % CaO wherein a total amount of MgO and CaO is 7 to 15 wt. % (excluding 7 wt. %), 10 to 18 wt. % Na2O, 0 to 5 wt. % K2O wherein a total amount of Na2O and K2O is 10 to 20 wt. %, and 0 to 5 wt. % B2O3; and colorants including 1.0 to 1.35 wt. % total iron oxide as Fe2O3, 0.001 to 0.05 wt. % NiO, and 0 to 0.006 wt. % CoO (excluding 0.006 wt. %).

Abstract: A reflection type diffraction grating according to the present invention has a structure in which a metal film as a first layer with reflectance not lower than 30% with respect to the wavelength of incident light and a transparent dielectric film as a second layer are laminated successively on the surface of the reflection type diffraction grating. With respect to the wavelength of incident light, the metal film has a refractive index selected to be not higher than 1.5 and an extinction coefficient selected to be not smaller than 6.0. The transparent dielectric film has a refractive index selected to be in a range of from 1.30 to 1.46, both inclusively, with respect to the wavelength of incident light and has an optical film thickness selected to be in a range of from 0.20? to 0.38?, both inclusively, when ? is the wavelength of incident light.

Abstract: A light-emitting unit 20 has a light-emitting unit board 21 made of resin provided with a lead frame 22. The light-emitting unit board 21 is also provided with an open window 21a for mounting a light-emitting device. The lead frame 22 comprises a lead terminal section 22a, an inner lead section 22c, and a light-emitting device mounting and connecting section 22b which is exposed within the open window 21a. The light-emitting devices 23a, 23b, and 23c are bonded with the light-emitting device mounting and connecting section 22b, and electrodes of the light-emitting devices and the lead frame are connected by a metal wire 24, wherein the open window 21a is sealed by transparent resin. The lead frame 22 is made of iron-containing copper to improve heat radiation performance of the light-emitting unit board. By increasing maximum current to be supplied to the light-emitting diodes, it is possible to increase illumination brightness and to attain speedup of image reading.

Abstract: A microchemical system is provided, which can improve the working efficiency of the user. In the microchemical system 1, a plate-shaped element 10 that constitutes an optical unit la has an optical wave guide path 20, which acts as an optical path for exciting light and detecting light. An irradiation lens 30 is disposed at an end of the optical wave guide path 20 downstream in the direction of travel of the exciting light and the detecting light, and a channel 40 is located downstream of the irradiation lens 30, through which a liquid containing a sample flows. A detector 50 is disposed at an end of the plate-shaped element 10 downstream of the channel 40 and detects the detecting light for analysis of the sample.

Abstract: A surface of a glass plate is coated with a first n-type semiconductor film which is a 50 nm-thick niobium oxide film as a primer layer. The primer layer is coated with a 250 nm-thick photocatalyst film comprising titanium oxide. Thus, an article having a photocatalytically active surface is obtained. The two coating films can be formed by sputtering. The first n-type semiconductor film as the primer layer is selected so as to have a larger energy band gap than the titanium oxide. Due to this constitution, more holes are generated near the film surface. This article can be free from the problem of conventional titanium oxide films having photocatalytic activity that it is difficult to generate many surface holes contributing to photocatalytic activity, because electrons and holes generated by charge separation recombine within the film, making it impossible to effectively heighten catalytic activity.

Abstract: In an optical write head, a rod lens array, a substrate support member for supporting a substrate, and a driver circuit board are fixedly held by a support member. The support member and the substrate support member are formed from metallic material, and a frame of the rod lens array is formed from a glass plate. Further, distance between a light-emitting section of a light-emitting device array and a light-incident end face of the rod lens array is adjusted, by means of rotating eccentric pins. Further, light-emitting device array chips are die-bonded on the substrate bonded at predetermined positions on the substrate support member while the position of the substrate support member is taken as a reference plane.

Abstract: In a glass panel includes at least three glass sheets for forming an air layer (K) and a vacuum layer (S) side by side and for partitioning between outdoor space and indoor space, at least either an outdoor-side glass sheet contacting the outdoor space or an indoor-side glass sheet contacting the indoor space of the glass sheets (G) contacts the vacuum layer (S) and includes a low-emittance film layer (M) formed on a face thereof contacting the vacuum layer (S).

Abstract: A projecting film enables adhesion to a reflecting film 44 made of an inorganic material to be improved, and alteration of optical properties of the reflecting film 44 to be prevented. A method is provided for forming such a projecting film that enables the surface roughness to be controlled freely through few manufacturing steps. A sol-form application liquid in which are mixed metal compounds and solvent(s) is prepared, the prepared sol-form application liquid is applied onto a glass substrate 40 to form a mixed layer 41 on the glass substrate 40, and the mixed layer 41 on the glass substrate 40 is dried, thus evaporating off the solvent(s), and hence bringing about phase separation into an upper layer and a lower layer, whereby an internal scattering layer is formed.

Abstract: An automobile window pane structure includes a window pane, a resin layer injection molded on the front part of an interior surface of the window pane, and a hinge member including a base embedded in the layer. The hinge member further includes a pair of elastically deformable supporting arms extending from the base, and attachment portions provided at distal ends of the respective supporting arms and having therein attachment openings for attachment to a sash or its vicinity.

Abstract: A light-receiving element array is provided in which the degradation of characteristic thereof due to the crosstalk may be prevented. An n-InP layer, an i-InGaAs layer, and an n-InP layer are stacked on an n-InP substrate. Zn is diffused into the topmost n-InP layer to form a p-type diffused region, resulting in a pin-photodiode. A passivation layer is deposited on the structure to a thickness such that a nonreflective condition is satisfied. On the passivation film, a light-shielding film is provided so as to cover the area between light-receiving elements.

Abstract: A polarizing element 20 has a first undulating structure in which a plurality of linear first recesses 22 are formed parallel to one another in one surface of a transparent substrate 21, and a dielectric layer 30 made from silicon dioxide is formed on the surface of the first undulating structure to produce a second undulating structure. The second undulating structure has formed therein second recesses 32 having a width W and a depth H, with second projections 33 having a width d intervening between adjacent second recesses 32. A thin-film-shaped conductive body 13 of width W and depth H is embedded in each of the second recesses 32.

Abstract: In the invention, light incident onto an end surface of one-dimensional photonic crystal is phase-modulated in the same period and direction as those of the photonic crystal to thereby propagate only specific high-order band light in the photonic crystal. That is, a phase modulation unit for generating phase-modulated wave having the same period as that of the periodic structure is disposed adjacent or close to a light incident surface of the periodic structure.

Abstract: A light-emitting thyristor having an improved luminous efficiency is provided. According to the light-emitting thyristor, a p-type AlGaAs layer and an n-type AlGaAs layer are alternately stacked to form a pnpn structure on a GaAs buffer layer formed on a GaAs substrate, and Al composition of the AlGaAs layer just above the GaAs buffer layer is increased in steps or continuously.

Abstract: There is provided a gradient index rod lens unit having a desired chromatic aberration. The gradient index rod lens unit is comprised of two gradient index rod lenses 11 and 12 with different chromatic aberrations and the entire lengths thereof adjusted, which are disposed in series with the optical axes thereof in alignment. The chromatic aberration of the gradient index rod lens unit can be set to a value falling within chromatic aberration ranges inherently possessed by the respective gradient index rod lenses 11 and 12.

Abstract: A microchemical system is provided, which can improve the working efficiency of the user and can be designed compact in size. The microchemical system is provided with an optical fiber 10 with a gradient index rod lens 102 mounted on an end thereof. The lens-possessing optical fiber 10 is comprised of an optical fiber 101 that transmits exciting light and detecting light in the single mode, and a ferrule 103 for expanding the outer diameter of the optical fiber 101 to the same value as that of the gradient index rod lens 102. The gradient index rod lens 102 and the optical fiber 101 are rigidly joined together by means of a sleeve 104.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a photothermal conversion spectroscopic analysis method that enables measurement to be carried out with high sensitivity, and a photothermal conversion spectroscopic analysis apparatus that carries out the method. The photothermal conversion spectroscopic analysis apparatus is comprised of an exciting light source 111, a chopper 112 that is disposed close to the exciting light source 111 in the optical path of exciting light emitted from the exciting light source 111, a mirror 114 that changes the direction of travel of the exciting light, a detecting light source 120, a dichroic mirror 113 that has detecting light from the detecting light source 120 incident thereon and makes the exciting light and the detecting light coaxial, a lens 10 that has a suitable amount of chromatic aberration, and a holder 15 that holds the lens 10 such as to enable adjustment along three axes.

Abstract: In an optical fiber-lens array, the optical axes of the gradient index rod lens and of the optical fiber are aligned easily with high accuracy. The optical fiber-lens array includes a first substrate having a gradient index rod lens accommodated in V-shaped grooves for rod lenses formed in parallel at prescribed pitches, and a second substrate having optical fibers accommodated in V-shaped grooves for optical fibers formed at the same array pitches with said V-shaped grooves for rod lenses. The first substrate and the second substrate are connected by guide pins placed on the common positioning guide grooves formed on the first substrate and the second substrate with the respective end surfaces of the gradient index rod lenses and the respective end surfaces of the corresponding optical fibers faced toward each other.

Abstract: A hybrid cord 1 for rubber reinforcement comprises a strand 2 having higher elastic modulus, made of PBO fiber or the like, which is disposed at the center of the cord, and strands 3 having lower elastic modulus, made of glass fiber or the like, which are disposed therearound. The hybrid cord has enough strength and is excellent in flexural fatigue resistance, adhesion property relative to rubber, and dimensional stability. A rubber product employs this hybrid cord 1 for rubber reinforcement.