Abstract: The invention provides a wavelength selective optical device in which a light emitted from an end surface of a first optical fiber that propagates optical signals with a plurality of multiplexed wavelengths is incident on a first end surface of a first graded index rod lens, then a parallel light beam emitted from a second end surface of the first graded index rod lens is incident on an optical filter arranged to face to the second end surface of the first graded index rod lens, and then a light reflected by the optical filter is incident again on the second end surface of the first graded index rod lens so as to couple to a second optical fiber arranged on a first end surface side of the first graded index rod lens, wherein a refractive index distribution constant of the first graded index rod lens is set such that a center wavelength of the light reflected by the optical filter is positioned within a desired range.

Abstract: Either one or both of the antenna pattern and a ground pattern, which reflects a radiated radio wave radiated from the antenna pattern, are buried inside the glass substrate. As a result, it is possible to provide high-gain, low-loss glass antennas in which glass is used as their substrates.

Abstract: A microchemical system according to which measurement can be carried out with high sensitivity. The microchemical system 1 has a two-wavelength multiplexing device in which gradient index rod lenses 501 and 502 are connected together at an end face of each thereof and a dielectric multi-layer film filter 503 is formed between these end faces. Exciting light and detecting light is multiplexed by the two-wavelength multiplexing device, and then the exciting light and the detecting light are guided to an optical fiber unit 10 through an optical fiber 101 with a single mode. The optical fiber unit 10 has built therein a gradient index rod lens 102 at a leading end thereof, and the exciting light and the detecting light are irradiated onto a sample from the gradient index rod lens 102.

Abstract: In an optical tap module, a first lens, a focusing lens, and a photodiode are arranged such that a center axis of a cylindrical case housing the first lens, the focusing lens, and the photodiode is substantially located on the same line. When light propagates through a second optical fiber and is emitted from an end surface facing the first lens so as to be incident on an optical filter, and light transmitted the optical filter is converged by the focusing lens, the photodiode and a chip mounting support are arranged such that a focal point of light is located spatially distant from the surfaces of the photodiode and the chip mounting support.

Abstract: A method for producing an aspherical structure according to the invention includes the steps of: forming a layer on a surface of a substrate so that the layer exhibits an etching rate distribution in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate; forming a mask having a predetermined opening shape on the surface of the layer; and etching the layer to thereby form at least one aspherical concave portion. When each concave portion is used as a molding tool so that a resin with which the concave portion is filled is solidified and removed from the concave portions an aspherical lens array can be formed accurately.

Abstract: A line-illuminating device comprises a white casing, a bar-shaped light guide housed within the casing, and light-emitting units provided on opposite ends of the bar-shaped light guide. The light-emitting unit has a substrate forming a circuit on which a lead wire for power supply is installed. Formed on a surface of the substrate facing the bar-shaped light guide is a window for coupling in which a green-color light-emitting diode and a blue-color light-emitting diode are installed. Likewise, the light-emitting unit has a substrate on which a lead wire for power supply is installed. Formed on a surface of the substrate facing the bar-shaped light guide is a window for coupling in which two red-color light-emitting diodes are installed.

Abstract: A glass substrate of the present invention for magnetic recording media having high heat resistance and easy chemical strengthening ability at once has not been obtained, which is a glass composition essentially comprising 60 to 70 wt % SiO2, 5 to 20 wt % Al2O3, 0 to 1 wt % Li2O, 3 to 18 wt % Na2O, 0 to 9 wt % K2O, 0 to 10 wt % MgO, 1 to 15 wt % CaO, 0 to 4.5 wt % SrO, 0 to 1 wt % BaO, 0 to 1 wt % TiO2 and 0 to 1 wt % ZrO2, wherein the sum of Li2O, Na2O and K2O is from 5 to 25 wt %, and the sum of MgO, CaO, SrO and BaO is from 5 to 20 wt %.

Abstract: A bar-shaped light guide is provided to allow its emitting surface to be exposed from a white casing and is provided with a pattern for scattering and reflecting the light on a bottom surface opposite to the emitting surface. This pattern is formed by a white paint or minute irregularities. Further, an end face of the bar-shaped light guide opposite to the incident side is made cube-corner shaped. In other words, the end face is made chevroned by mirror-finished flat surfaces. These flat surfaces are tilted at such an angle that an incident angle ? of the rays of light traveling through the bar-shaped light guide parallel to the longitudinal direction of the bar-shaped light guide is smaller than a critical angle.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a glass panel and a glass panel manufactured such a method, comprising a pair of glass plates opposed to each other to define a void therebetween by a number of space-maintaining members arranged along plate surfaces with predetermined intervals between rows, and a thermally meltable seal member for joining the glass plates throughout a circumference thereof to be hermetically sealed by a heat-joining process. The void between the glass plates being decompressed by a decompressing process, and the distance between outermost rows of the space-maintaining members and peripheral edges of the glass plates being at most 5.8 times the thickness of the thinner one of the glass plates.

Abstract: A polarizing element 20 has a first undulating structure in which a plurality of linear first recesses 22 are formed parallel to one another in one surface of a transparent substrate 21, and a dielectric layer 30 made from silicon dioxide is formed on the surface of the first undulating structure to produce a second undulating structure. The second undulating structure has formed therein second recesses 32 having a width W and a depth H, with second projections 33 having a width d intervening between adjacent second recesses 32. A thin-film-shaped conductive body 13 of width W and depth H is embedded in each of the second recesses 32.

Abstract: A line-illuminating device which is resistant to shrinkage problems caused by repetition of heating and cooling includes a white casing made of polycarbonate or the like, a light guide made of an acrylic resin or the like and accommodated in the casing such that the light-emitting surface thereof is exposed, and light-emitting elements (for example, light-emitting diodes) as a light source provided on both ends of the casing so as to abut against the end surfaces of the light guide without a gap. The casing is divided into two portions in the longitudinal direction, and a gap is formed between the two divided portions. With this gap, even if the light guide shrinks due to repetition of heating and cooling, the divided portions can effectively shrink together with the light guide via the gap, and the abutting state between the end surface of the light guide and the light-emitting element can be maintained.

Abstract: A luminescent-film-coated product includes a substrate, a first layer of a transparent resin matrix containing a phosphorescent material and/or a fluorescent material, and a second layer of a transparent resin matrix containing a shiny pigment made of glass flakes coated with a high-refractive-index metal oxide. Another luminescent-film-coated product includes a substrate and a layer of a transparent resin matrix containing a phosphorescent material and/or a fluorescent material and a shiny pigment. Another luminescent-film-coated product includes a substrate, a first layer of a transparent resin matrix containing a shiny pigment made of glass flakes coated with silver, gold, nickel, or a high-refractive-index metal oxide, and a second layer of a transparent resin matrix containing a phosphorescent material and/or a fluorescent material, in which the shiny pigment has a maximum visible light reflectance of 30% or more.

Abstract: A glass panel comprising: a pair of glass sheets (1), (2) disposed in opposition to each other via a gap (V) therebetween, peripheral edges of the two glass sheets (1), (2) being bonded with low melting glass (4) for sealing the gap (V); wherein in a cross section substantially normal to faces of the two glass sheets, (1), (2), an adjacent face (4a) of the low melting glass (4) adjacent the gap (V) has a center portion thereof between the two glass sheets (1), (2) bulging toward the gap (V).

Abstract: A light-emitting unit 20 has a light-emitting unit board 21 made of resin provided with a lead frame 22. The light-emitting unit board 21 is also provided with an open window 21a for mounting a light-emitting device. The lead frame 22 comprises a lead terminal section 22a, an inner lead section 22c, and a light-emitting device mounting and connecting section 22b which is exposed within the open window 21a. The light-emitting devices 23a, 23b, and 23c are bonded with the light-emitting device mounting and connecting section 22b, and electrodes of the light-emitting devices and the lead frame are connected by a metal wire 24, wherein the open window 21a is sealed by transparent resin. The lead frame 22 is made of iron-containing copper to improve heat radiation performance of the light-emitting unit board. By increasing maximum current to be supplied to the light-emitting diodes, it is possible to increase illumination brightness and to attain speedup of image reading.

Abstract: A light detection device for detecting an optical path position of invisible light. The detection device includes a main body and a light guide. The light guide includes a distal end functioning as a light incident portion through which the detected light enters and a light radiation portion from which visible light is emitted. A drive mechanism reciprocates the light guide in an X-direction while vibrating the light guide in a perpendicular Y-direction. The distal end of the light guide rod moves within a light detection area in an XY plane. A visible light-emitting unit radiates visible light from the distal end when the detected light enters the distal end. The visible light-emitting unit includes a photo-detector for detecting the detected light and a light-emitting element for generating the visible light when the photo-detector detects the detected light.

Abstract: A filter module is provided for an optical communications system. The filter module includes a lens, three optical fibers, an optical filter, and a mirror. The three optical fibers are arranged on a single side of the lens. The lens includes a first face coated with the optical filter and that faces the mirror. The optical fibers are arranged on a second face of the lens. A cascade of the filter modules are configured to connect and form a multiplexing/demultiplexing unit.

Abstract: In order to effectively prevent diffusion of a harmful substance to a non-polluted soil side with a relatively simple and inexpensive construction without requiring a large-scale system, a pollution diffusion preventive wall member is installed underground for partitioning between a polluted soil side and a non-polluted soil side, the wall member being formed of wall forming material having water-permeability and containing a rare earth compound carried therein.

Abstract: A limited portion of a surface of a glass substrate is removed by application of a laser beam on the limited portion of the glass substrate to thereby produce a glass structure according to the invention. The glass substrate contains at least one element such as titanium, iron, vanadium, bismuth, lead, thallium, tin, cerium, rhodium or cobalt capable of absorbing energy of the laser beam and has a threshold of not larger than 1.0 J/cm2 per laser beam pulse in terms of machining energy of the laser beam. When such a glass substrate 21 is used, a glass structure having a through-hole 61 or cavity optional in sectional shape can be formed by irradiation with the laser beam 10.

Abstract: The invention is an coated article composed of a substrate and an organic-inorganic composite film, which is coated on the substrate and has an oxide of a cation atom capable of forming an oxide network coated on the surface of the substrate, and the same has a part of oxygen of the oxide substituted by an organic group, wherein the organic-inorganic composite film includes alkali metal oxides at a ratio of 0.1 through 30% of the total number of the alkali metal atoms and the cation atoms expressed in terms of the number of alkali metal atoms, and the article coated with a high-performance organic-inorganic composite film, is able to withstand outdoor uses and has high hardness.

Abstract: Two illuminating units 2L and 2R, each having a light guide provided at its one end, with a light-emitting source, are provided. Each illuminating unit is arranged in such a manner that light emitted from its emission plane irradiates the same area of a document-reading plane and the light-emitting source is situated on the opposite side in a main-scanning direction (i.e. the longitudinal direction). By alternately arranging two illuminating units, it is possible to offset characteristics of each illuminating unit so that uniformity and equalization of light intensity distribution can be improved. Since each-illuminating unit is arranged so that its emission plane is symmetric relative to a plane at right angles to the document-reading surface, it is possible to reduce shading that is produced on a document surface when the document surface is not flat.