Abstract: A booster circuit generates a boosted output by boosting a low voltage output supplied as a target to be boosted and feeds back a part of the boosted output, an output by the booster circuit itself, to the booster circuit as operation energy. An auxiliary booster circuit outputs start-up energy generated based on a low voltage output to the booster circuit as start-up energy that is necessary for starting up the booster circuit.

Abstract: A booster circuit generates a boosted output by boosting a low voltage output supplied as a target to be boosted and feeds back a part of the boosted output, an output by the booster circuit itself, to the booster circuit as operation energy. An auxiliary booster circuit outputs start-up energy generated based on a low voltage output to the booster circuit as start-up energy that is necessary for starting up the booster circuit.

Abstract: A cantilever type latch having the fixed end on the side of exposing the terminal end surface of the optical fiber is provided on the side of the plug housing. Near the center of the upper surface of the latch, an engaging projection which is to be engaged in the engaging hole formed in the adapter or the receptacle is formed. The engaging projection has the slope which decreases the height toward the fixed end side of the latch, in which the gradient of the slope is nearly equal to or greater than the rotation angle required for the elastic deformation of the latch with the fixed end functioned as the fulcrum. Thereby easy disconnecting of the latch is implemented.

Abstract: An optical switch, an optical modulator, and a wavelength variable filter each have a simple configuration, which requires only a low driving voltage, which is independent of polarization, and which can operate at high speed. An optical switch includes a 3-dB coupler placed on an output, a 3-dB coupler placed on an output, and two optical waveguides connecting the input-side 3-dB coupler and the output-side 3-dB coupler together. The optical switch also includes a phase modulating section that applies electric fields to one or both of the two optical waveguides. At least two optical waveguides are a crystal material including KTaxNb1-xO3 (0<x<1) and KxLi1-xTayNb1-yO3 (0<x<1, 0<y<1), or KTaxNb1-xO3 or KxLi1-xTayNb1-yO3.

Abstract: An ATM switch includes a first stage, a second stage and a third stage each of which stages includes at least one basic switch, wherein the first stage, the second stage and the third stage are connected. The basic switch includes a part which refers to time information written in a header of an input cell and switches cells to an output port in an ascending order of the time information. In addition, the ATM switch includes a cell distribution part in the basic switch of the first stage. The cell distribution part determines a routes of a cell to be transferred such that loads of routes within the ATM switch are balanced. The ATM switch further includes an adding part which adds arriving time information to an arriving cell as the time information.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical waveguide material whose refractive index can be tailored without changing the ratio of Ta and Nb. An optical waveguide of this invention comprising an under-clad layer 1 and a core 2 that is formed on the under-clad layer 1 and has a higher refractive index than that of the under-clad layer 1 is shown. For example, KTN (KTa1-xNbxO3) is used as the core 2, and a material that is obtained by substituting at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Hf, and Sn for a portion of one element of the constituent elements of KTN and has the same perovskite type crystal structure as KTN is used as the clad. The refractive index of KTN can be reduced considerably, and this controllability widens the degree of freedom in the design of optical waveguide devices.

Abstract: In a transceiver for inducing electric fields based on data to be transmitted in an electric field propagating medium and carrying out transmission and reception of data by using induced electric fields, having a transmission electrode and a transmission circuit, a transmission side switch is provided to disconnect the transmission circuit from the transmission electrode, when the transceiver is not in a transmission state in which the transmission circuit is supplying the transmission data to the transmission electrode.

Abstract: An optical modulation apparatus is provided which implements a stable amplifying function by reducing the effect of reflected light rays form end faces of a bidirectional optical amplifier by imposing a numerical limitation on the relationship between the gain of the bidirectional optical amplifier and the loss of the optical modulator, or by inserting a polarization rotation section in a reflection type optical modulator including the bidirectional optical amplifier or in a multi-wavelength collective optical modulation system combining the multiple optical modulators. An optical modulation apparatus is provided which implements a stable amplifying function and cost reduction by reducing the effect of reflected light rays by interposing optical isolators at every alternate SOAs in a transmission-type optical modulation apparatus including a plurality of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) connected in a multistage fashion.

Abstract: An optical device includes a transparent material layer having a desired curved surface configuration, a layer including a variable refractive index material having a dielectric constant anisotropy, at least two transparent electrodes arranged to sandwich the transparent material layer and the variable refractive index material, and a driving device supplying a voltage including driving frequencies f1 and f2 between the transparent electrodes. The difference ?? in the dielectric constant of the variable refractive index material due to the anisotropy is positive at one of the driving frequencies and negative at the other driving frequency.

Abstract: An optical switch, an optical modulator, and a wavelength variable filter each have a simple configuration, which requires only a low driving voltage, which is independent of polarization, and which can operate at high speed. An optical switch includes a 3-dB coupler placed on an output, a 3-dB coupler placed on an output, and two optical waveguides connecting the input-side 3-dB coupler and the output-side 3-dB coupler together. The optical switch also includes a phase modulating section that applies electric fields to one or both of the two optical waveguides. At least two optical waveguides are a crystal material including KTaxNb1-xO3 (0<x<1) and KxLi1-xTayNb1-yO3 (0<x<1, 0<y<1), or KTaxNb1-xO3 or KxLi1-xTayNb1-yO3.

Abstract: At the coder side, bits of samples of each frame of an input digital signal are concatenated every digit common to the samples across each frame to generate equi-order bit sequences, which are output as packets. At the decoding side, the input equi-order sequences are arranged inversely to their arrangement at the coder side to reconstruct sample sequences. When a packet dropout occurs, a missing information compensating part 430 correct the reconstructed sample sequences in a manner to reduce an error between the spectral envelope of the reconstructed sample sequence concerned and a known spectral envelope.

Abstract: A small antenna device having an increased gain is provided. The antenna device includes a multilayer dielectric substrate composed of a combination of a plurality of dielectric layers, wherein a feeding antenna is provided in a lower layer of the multilayer substrate, a reflective metal plate is provided above the feeding antenna, and circular or rectangular metal loops are arranged so as to be of increasing diameter from lower layers toward upper layers in the plurality of dielectric layers.

Abstract: An upper layer node is used in a multi-layer network which includes an upper layer network which performs switching and transfer in units of packets, and a lower layer network which includes optical transmission lines and optical switches and accommodate the upper layer network; this upper layer node being connected to the lower layer network which includes lower layer nodes including obstruction restoration sections, and transmission lines, and including: a section which detects the occurrence of an obstruction upon a transmission line which it accommodates; a section which advertises the detection result as obstruction information; a section which retains the topology information for the network; a section which updates the retained topology information according to advertised obstruction information, or obstruction information which it has detected; and an advertisement transfer section which advertises to other upper layer nodes the advertised obstruction information.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus for measuring traffic of packets with high time resolution is provided. The measurement apparatus includes an accumulation part for accumulating packet lengths of packets having predetermined header information in successively received packets, and storing an accumulated value of the packet lengths in a storage; and a periodic reading part for reading the accumulated value from the storage at predetermined time intervals, and outputting the accumulated value.

Abstract: The present invention provides an OCT technique that permits tomographic observation of a biological body parts that is difficult to restrain and also provides a tomographic observation technique for the observation of a constrainable part that does not require constraint and remove the burden from biological body. A wavelength-tunable light generator (wavelength-tunable light source) is employed as the light source of the optical coherence tomography device. The wavelength-tunable light generator has a wave number tunable range width of at least 4.7×10?2 ?m?1 and an emitted-light frequency width of no more than 13 GHz, for example, and includes means capable of changing the wave number stepwise at wave number intervals of no more than 3.1×10?4 ?m?1 and time intervals of no more than 530 ?s.

Abstract: A source node 11 obtains from a destination node 12 quality information on routes 31 and 32 to the node 12, and adaptively changes data distribution ratios for the multiple routes based on the quality information.

Abstract: The present invention provides an OCT technique that permits tomographic observation of a biological body parts that is difficult to restrain and also provides a tomographic observation technique for the observation of a constrainable part that does not require constraint and remove the burden from biological body. A wavelength-tunable light generator (wavelength-tunable light source) is employed as the light source of the optical coherence tomography device. The wavelength-tunable light generator has a wave number tunable range width of at least 4.7×10?2 ?m?1 and an emitted-light frequency width of no more than 13 GHz, for example, and includes means capable of changing the wave number stepwise at wave number intervals of no more than 3.1×10?4 ?m?1 and time intervals of no more than 530 ?s.

Abstract: A closure for cable connection capable of being readily assembled with fastening force of a sufficient level, rapidly accomplishing leading-out of a cable from a cable connection section and storage of the cable, and exhibiting enhanced airtightness while exhibiting increased reliability. The closure includes sleeve members and end plates. The end plates are each provided with slits which extend from cable guide holes to an outer surface of the end plate. Each cable guide hole is provided thereon with a thin-wall cap and the slit is detachably fitted therein with a rigidity holding member. An adhesive tape-like gasket is interposed between an outer periphery of the end plate and an inner surface of a sleeve so as to cover an outer end portion of the slit.

Abstract: The average amplitude of the samples in a signal sample sequence X in a floating-point format is determined for each frame. If the average amplitude is greater than a predetermined value, an integer formatting part 12 converts the sequence X into a signal sample sequence Y in a 16-bit integer format by truncation, a compressing part 13 codes the sequence Y to output a code sequence Ca, a difference producing part 14 produces a difference signal Z that corresponds to the difference between the signal sample sequence X and a sequence Y? in the floating-point format converted from the sequence Y, and a compressing part 17performs entropy coding on the least significant (23?n) bits of a mantissa M of the difference signal Z, which is determined by the number of bits n following the most significant “1” in each sample in the sequence Y, and outputs a code sequence Cb. If the average amplitude is not greater than the predetermined value, the sequence X is directly losslessly coded by a compressing part 121.