Abstract: Muramyl peptide derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein "Ala" is ##STR2## "isoGln" is ##STR3## R.sup.1 is R.sub.3 O-- or ##STR4## (k is an integer from 8 to 12; q is an integer from 10 to 22) or R.sub.3 is ##STR5## (m is an integer from 11 to 17; n is an integer from 11 to 17)]; and R.sub.2 is hydrogen atom or --CO--(CH.sub.2).sub.p --CH.sub.3 (p is an integer from 8 to 22); which act on in vivo immunomechanism of human beings and livestock (in particular cells relevant immune responses) and are useful as imminoregulating agents.