Abstract: Systems and methods for supplementing control of an anatomical sphincter. A collar containing variable viscosity fluid surrounds a portion of an anatomical conduit. The flow of bodily fluids through the anatomical conduit occurs according to the viscosity level of the variable viscosity fluid. Electro-rheologic fluid in the collar liquefies in the absence of an electrical potential difference to render the collar pliable, permitting the anatomical conduit to expand and fluid to flow through the anatomical conduit. Electro-rheologic fluid in the collar solidifies in the presence of an electrical potential difference to render the collar firm, restricting the anatomical conduit from expanding and restricting fluid from passing through the anatomical conduit.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a stent for insertion into a vessel of a patient. The stent is a tubular member having front and back open ends and a longitudinal axis extending therebetween. The tubular member has a first smaller diameter for insertion into a patient and navigation through the vessels, and a second larger diameter for deployment into the target area of a vessel. The tubular member is made from a plurality of adjacent hoops extending between the front and back ends. The hoops include a plurality of longitudinal struts and a plurality of loops connecting adjacent struts. The stent further includes a plurality of bridges having loop to bridge connections which connect adjacent hoops to one another. The bridge to loop connection points are separated angularly with respect to the longitudinal axis. The bridges have one end attached to a loop, another end attached to a loop on an adjacent hoop.

Abstract: A delivery apparatus including an outer sheath, made from an elongated tubular member having distal and proximal ends. The apparatus further includes a self-expanding stent located within the distal end of the sheath along a load area. The stent makes frictional contact with the inner layer of said sheath. Lastly, the apparatus includes a readily removable member or keeper, which is disposed along the outer sheath along at least a portion of the load area. The member has sufficient rigidity to prevent the outer sheath from expanding along the load area prior to delivery of the stent.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a stent for insertion into a vessel of a patient the stent is a tubular member with a predetermined a thickness. The member has front and back open ends and a longitudinal axis extending therebetween. The stent has a first smaller diameter for insertion into the vessel, and a second larger diameter for deployment into the vessel. The tubular member includes a plurality of adjacent hoops extending between the front and back ends. The hoops are made from a plurality of longitudinal struts and a plurality of loops connecting adjacent struts. The member further includes a plurality of bridges connecting adjacent hoops to one another. The individual struts have lengths, as measured parallel to the longitudinal axis. The stent is constructed so that the ratio of the number of struts per hoop to the length of a strut, as measured in inches, is greater than about 400.