Abstract: A gas-liquid contacting apparatus of a column system, comprising a column having an inlet for introducing a liquid to be treated and an outlet for a discharged gas in an upper part thereof, and an inlet for introducing a gas and an outlet for a treated liquid after gas-liquid contact in a lower part thereof, and at least two units comprising a packing material or a wetted wall structure, said units being separated by a gas back mixing preventer plate between the upper and lower parts, wherein the liquid introduced and the gas introduced are brought into countercurrent contact while keeping the gas phase as a continuous phase; and a process for producing an ozone liquid, a process for oxidizing an organic substance in a liquid, a process for removing a gas dissolved in a liquid, a process for treating a volatile substance in a liquid, a process for dissolving a gas into a liquid, each using the same.

Abstract: A method for separating an objective component from a crude material in a time lagged multi-stage counter flow system, comprising: (a) contacting the crude material with a washing liquid or an extracting reagent in a semi-batch system to form a mixture of the crude material and the washing liquid or extracting reagent; (b) separating the mixture into a recovered liquid containing the objective component and a residue, with the proviso that the mixture is not separated with a separation membrane that is connected to a tank containing the crude material; and repeating (a) and (b) at least once, wherein the concentration of the objective component is successively lower in the washing liquid or extracting reagent contacted with the crude material in each (a).

Abstract: A method for separating and recovering an objective component from a crude liquid by a membrane in a semi-batch system, including the steps of: at least two stages of adding a washing liquid to the crude liquid stored in a container and mixing the washing liquid with the crude liquid to form a mixture of the crude liquid and the washing liquid, wherein successive ones of the at least two stages are separated by a time lag, wherein the successive ones use washing liquids at different concentrations, in descending order, of the objective component concentration, and further wherein a last one of the plural stages uses only a washing liquid having essentially a zero concentration of the objective component; and for each of the plural stages, performing a step of membrane treatment of the mixture to transfer the objective component from the crude liquid to a permeated liquid.

Abstract: A method of regenerating an etching waste fluid, includes the steps of dissolving HCl gas in an etching waste fluid at a temperature falling within a range of 20.degree. C. to 50.degree. C. and crystallizing NiCl.sub.2 and FeCl.sub.2 crystals, the etching waste fluid containing NiCl.sub.2, FeCl.sub.3, and FeCl.sub.2 and being obtained by etching Ni or an Ni alloy with an etching solution consisting of an aqueous solution containing FeCl.sub.3, distilling a mother liquor at the atmospheric pressure after crystallization and separation thereof to reduce the HCl concentration in the mother liquor, and distilling, at a reduced pressure, a concentrate obtained upon distillation at the atmospheric pressure to further reduce the HCl concentration, thereby obtaining an aqueous solution containing FeCl.sub.

Abstract: A packing material unit for use in liquid-gas contact apparatuses, which comprises outer and inner rings, and a plurality of pairs of arched filaments positioned side by side such that their curved outer surfaces are oriented alternately to opposite sides of the plane involving the outer and inner rings to form a plurality of circular or elliptic loops arranged about an imaginary circle which is concentric with the outer and inner rings. A connecting member is bridged between intermediate portions of each pair of the filament. A plural number of reinforcing members extend between apex portions of oppositely arched filaments of adjacent filament pairs. The connecting members and reinforcing members serve both to prevent the interlocking of adjacent packing material units and to improve mechanical strength of the unit.

Abstract: A waste fluid containing nitrogen compounds is combusted in an incinerator having cylindrical primary and secondary combustion chambers connected in series by a venturi throat member. The waste fluid is combusted in the primary combustion chamber at a temperature of at least 1200.degree. C. while injecting air into the primary combustion chamber in a direction tangential to the inner periphery thereof so that the combustion gas forms a vortex pattern therein. The whirling combustion gas containing nitrogen oxides is caused to pass through the venturi throat into which a gas or liquid containing a compound having a nitrogen-hydrogen bond is injected for mixing with the combustion gas and the mixture is combusted in the secondary combustion chamber at a temperature of between 850.degree. and 1150.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of a waste liquid containing boron compounds and organic compounds, such as resulting from the oxidation of paraffins with oxygen in the presence of boron compounds, includes combusting the waste liquid in a furnace at a temperature higher than 1000.degree. C. in the presence of a large amount of steam. The combustion gas may be introduced into a heat recovery zone, preferably a boiler, to recover the heat thereof and then into a contacting vessel to bring same into contact with water and to recover the boron components contained in the gas. Since substantially all the boron components contained in the combustion gas are present in the form of gaseous metaboric acid, there is caused no deposition of boron oxide onto the interior walls of the combustion furnace or gas passages in the boiler.

Abstract: An improved process for the recovery of ammonia and sulphur dioxide from a by-product mixture containing an ammonium salt of sulphuric acid obtained as a by-product in the preparation of .epsilon.-caprolactam or cyclohexanone oxime. The by-product mixture is reacted, in finely divided form and at a temperature of from 700.degree. to 950.degree. C., with gases obtained from the combustion of a fuel in a controlled amount of oxygen, and ammonia and sulphur dioxide are thereafter separated from the resulting reaction mixture. The amount of oxygen is controlled to be less than the theoretical additional amount that would be required to convert the nitrogen, sulphur, hydrogen and carbon contained in the by-product mixture and fuel into, respectively, N.sub.2, SO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O and CO.sub.2.

Abstract: A process for treating a waste liquid which is obtained from a fermentation process, e.g., an alcohol fermentation, and contains organic and inorganic substances which are useful as fertilizer, is provided which includes combusting a concentrate of the waste liquid and bringing the combustion products containing the ashes which are formed from the inorganic substances and the hot combustion gases into direct contact with a fresh portion of the waste liquid. Thereby the liquid is concentrated by evaporation and a slurry of the ashes in the concentrated waste liquid is formed. The slurry is separated into a solid sediment containing the minerals and a part of the organic components of the liquid and a concentrates mother liquid, at least a portion of which is combusted as the concentrate. By drying the sediment with agitation, a granulate which can be used as a fertilizer can be produced.

Abstract: An effluent alkali salt solution obtained in the desulfurization of a hydrogen sulfide-containing gas by washing with an alkali wash solution is subjected to a two stage precipitation treatment at different temperatures to recover valuable components such as a vanadium compound, chelating agent, ADA, and active alkali salts while removing inactive salts such as sulfate and thiosulfate.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for heating and removing moisture from moist or watery material, wherein a watery material is introduced into one end of a rotating cylindrical drum having a section divided into a number of longitudinally extending compartments including a center compartment and circumferential compartments surrounding the center compartment and each accommodating freely disposed packing members. A hot gas is blown axially through the drum while the packing members in the respective compartments are caused to tumble in contact with the watery material to transfer the sensible heat of the hot gas thereto.

Abstract: A solid-fluid contacting apparatus, comprising an outer generally tubular housing member, preferably cylindrical in shape; an inner generally tubular housing member defining a fluid flow channel therein and being placed inside of the outer housing member and being generally coaxially aligned therewith, preferably concentrically, to define a space therebetween, preferably an annular space; at least one means extending radially between the inner and outer housing members for partitioning the space into a plurality of axially spaced contacting zones; at least one means extending axially within the inner housing member for partitioning the fluid flow channel into a plurality of fluid flow sub-channels; means in each of the contacting zones for receiving the solid; and a fluid flow inlet communicating between each of the subchannels and one of the contacting zones, a fluid flow outlet communicating between each of the contacting zones and its respective subchannel, and means positioned in each subchannel between t

Abstract: Disclosed is a method whereby a waste water containing ammonium ions, sulfate ions and organic substances is subjected to combustive disposal subsequent to addition of calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide thereto.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrogen sulfide-containing gas in a closed loop system wherein said gas is passed through and absorbed by an alkaline aqueous absorbent containing an alkali carbonate and an oxidation catalyst. The solution containing the dissolved hydrogen sulfide is oxidized with an oxygen-containing gas to convert the absorbed hydrogen sulfide into elementary sulfur and sulfur salt compounds. After separation of the elementary sulfur from the solution, the solution is re-circulated for use as alkaline absorbent. A part of the re-circulated solution is diverted and subjected to mixed-combustion with an auxiliary fuel in a combustion furnace at an air ratio lower than 0.9 and at a temperature of 700.degree.C to 1100.degree.C to thermally decompose the sulfur compounds into hydrogen sulfide and an alkali carbonate.