Abstract: Apparatus and method for communication are provided. The solution includes a first server of an operator specific communication system configured to perform the administration and management tasks of the operator specific communication system including one or more radio access technologies, communicate with the respective server of one or more communication systems of another operators, and a second server configured to manage mobility policy of the operator specific communication sys-tem, communicate with the user terminals of the system by transmitting information on inter-system radio access network selection and access, wherein the first and second server are configured each to maintain an interworking data model including information on operator specific cognitive radio parameters and access policies related to networks of one or more operators.

Abstract: An optical network element has a light source which provides an optical signal that is fed to at least two modulators. Each modulator provides an optical carrier signal that is conveyed to a receiving unit. The receiving unit is configured to determine a deviation signal between the optical carrier signal and a carrier conveyed via an incoming signal and to feed the deviation signal to the modulator for adjusting the frequency and/or the phase of the optical carrier signal. Also, a corresponding method for processing data and a communication system with at least one optical network are described.