Abstract: Various example embodiments for supporting communication network management may be configured to support communication network management based on various policies which may include one or more static rule-based policies (e.g., a rule-based resource management policy) and one or more machine learning (ML) based policies (e.g., an ML-based resource management policy). Various example embodiments for supporting communication network management may be configured to support communication network management based on evaluation and selection of policies to be applied for supporting communication network management. Various example embodiments for supporting communication network management may be configured to support communication network management based on regulation of network management actions generated based on selected policies before application of the network management actions to the communication network.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive (806), by a first function, subscription information relating to a user equipment from a server in response to the first function being restored; and sending (808), by the first function, the subscription information relating to the user equipment to a second function.

Abstract: In some embodiments, there may be provided a method that includes receiving, as a first input to a machine learning model, a measured link load; receiving, as a second input to the machine learning model, information indicating a network topology; receiving, as a third input to the machine learning model, at least one deflection parameter; learning, by the machine learning model, a first output to provide at least one updated deflection parameter, wherein the at least one updated deflection parameter indicates the fractional amount of traffic that is to be carried between the source node and the destination node and deflected through the intermediate node; and learning, by the machine learning model, a second output to provide dual variables that serve as a surrogate for a traffic matrix that could have generated the measured link load that is measured for the link of the network.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the apparatus is configured to perform receiving, at the apparatus, a plurality of packets of information to be transmitted from the apparatus to a node, generating at least one queue of the plurality of packets of information to be transported to the node, and discarding at least one packet from the queue at a specific time and/or based on a timing characteristic of the at least one packet to be discarded.

Abstract: Fulfillment of an intent which has been submitted to an intent-driven network management system is tracked. When information about fulfillment of the intent is received, a feedback report including a measurement that indicates a level of satisfaction with the fulfillment of the intent is provided.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program is described. The method can include receiving a first measurement report from a first communication node of a mobile communication system. The first measurement report can include downlink measurement data generated at a user device in response to a positioning reference signal sent by the first communication node. The method can further include receiving a second measurement report from the first communication node. The second measurement report can include uplink measurement data generated at the first communication node in response to an uplink reference signal sent by the user device. The method can also include determining an integrity of the measurement data based on a comparison of said uplink and downlink measurement data and setting an integrity verification notification in accordance with the determined integrity.

Abstract: A first spectrum access system (SAS) instance receives a message (such as a heartbeat message) including an identifier of a first base station that is not registered with the first SAS instance. The first SAS instance accesses a database that is shared with a second SAS instance and periodically synchronized with the second SAS instance. The first SAS instance provides an SAS service that was previously established between the first base station and the second SAS instance in response to the database including a record generated by the second SAS instance for the first base station. The first base station registers to provide connectivity in a shared spectrum using the SAS service provided by the second SAS instance. The first base station transmits the message to the first SAS instance including an identifier of the first base station in response to the second SAS instance becoming unavailable.

Abstract: An apparatus for use by a communication network element or function configured to act as a management controller in a communication network, the apparatus comprising at least one processing circuitry, and at least one memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processing circuitry, wherein the at least one memory and the instructions are configured to, with the at least one processing circuitry, cause the apparatus at least: to conduct a creation and activation of at least one data source function instance for configuring a data source being not standardized for usage in the communication network to provide data to a data consumer formed by a communication network element or function in a data format allowing the data consumer to process the data, wherein the creation and activation comprises associating the data source function instance to meta data describing either a non-communication network standardized data type or a proprietary data type using attributes defined to the respective data type,

Abstract: A printed circuit board for mounting electrical components thereupon include: a first side; a second side opposite the first side; electrical connection points disposed on the surface of an exterior edge of the printed circuit board; and wherein the exterior edge of the printed circuit board is between the first side and the second side. Further a method of manufacturing a printed circuit board for mounting electrical components thereupon includes the steps of disposing interconnect structures within the printed circuit board adjacent to at least one edge of the printed circuit board; and removing material from the printed circuit board edge to expose the interconnect structures such that the exposed interconnect structures correspond to a component connection footprint.

Abstract: An apparatus for a communication system, the apparatus comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: determine a first measurement of first reference signals associated with a first analog beam used to receive the first reference signals, determine a second measurement of second reference signals associated with a second analog beam used to receive the second reference signals, determine first information characterizing a digital beamformer based on the first measurement and the second measurement.

Abstract: A fiber sensing control device (FSCD) is provided for protecting a network infrastructure in an optical fiber network against intrusive fiber sensing. The FSCD resides on an optical fiber cable at a boundary between the first network segment containing the network infrastructure that is to be protected and a neighboring network segment. The FSCD comprises at least one blocking element that can block sensing of backscattered light on at least one optical fiber of the optical fiber cable.

Abstract: An optical line terminal (OLT) in flexible passive optical network (PON) transmits a downstream signal with two or more modulation formats, wherein at least one of the modulation formats is a modified PAMx modulation format and wherein x is greater than 2. The modified PAMx modulation encodes data bits such that the probability of at least one predetermined transition between amplitude levels is modified. Furthermore, an optical network unit (ONU) in the flexible PON is assigned to one of the plurality of modulation formats based on one or more parameters, such as configuration of the ONU and line conditions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to device, method, device and computer readable storage media of beam-forming scheme in higher rank transmission for massive multiple input multiple output system. The method comprises determining a target beam for carrying a transmission of a reference signal from the base station to the user equipment; determining a target arrangement of the plurality of ports formed at an antenna array of the base station; and transmitting, to the user equipment, different portions of the target beam through a plurality of ports based on the target arrangement. In this way, a new beamforming method when Massive-MIMO choose higher rank transmission in multi ports communication system is proposed. The gNB would only select the best beam with different halves in the same polarization to keep the QCL principles.

Abstract: An apparatus, comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions, the at least one memory and the instructions configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to sample an angular response of a uniform antenna array uniformly in a normalized angular frequency range to obtain a set of angular samples, and to reconstruct an angular response of the uniform antenna array based on the set of angular samples and at least one Dirichlet kernel.

Abstract: Method for measurement gap configuration comprising: sending a first message including a first measurement gap configuration based on a UE(10) new measurement gap capability from a first network device(20) to the UE(10); detecting at the first network device(20) whether a legacy gap assisted measurement is required for the UE(10); responsive to the legacy gap assisted measurement being required, sending a second message including a second measurement gap configuration based on a UE(10) legacy measurement gap capability from the first network device(20) to the UE(10); sending a third message indicating fallback of the UE(10) the legacy measurement gap capability from the first network device(20) to a second network device(30) in communication with the UE(10).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising transmitting one or more requests for charging or discharging batteries of a plurality of base stations, wherein the plurality of base stations comprise at least a first group of base stations associated with a first communications service provider, and a second group of base stations associated with a second communications service provider different to the first communications service provider.

Abstract: There are provided measures for satellite coverage change handling. Such measures exemplarily include, at a network entity managing a first cell of a mobile network and a second cell of said mobile network, the first cell covering a geographical area, and the second cell covering said geographical area, maintaining assignment of a first satellite beam corresponding to a first passing satellite to said first cell, a first satellite beam coverage of said first satellite beam overlapping with said geographical area, determining entrance of a second satellite beam coverage of a second satellite beam corresponding to a second passing satellite into said geographical area, assigning said second satellite beam to said second cell, and deciding to trigger handover of a terminal located within said second satellite beam coverage within said geographical area and served by said first cell to said second cell.

Abstract: The present subject matter relates to a method comprising acquiring a master role by a processing unit of a multi-processor system, executing by the processing unit a master function part of a set of tasks: comprising searching an available processing unit of the multi-processor system; wherein in case an available processing unit is found, controlling the found processing unit to perform a slave function part of the set of tasks, and in case no available processing unit is found, executing by the processing unit the slave function part of the set of tasks, wherein the master function comprises a master to slave switching function for releasing the master role and the slave function composes a slave to master switching function for acquiring the master role.

Abstract: A device for reconstructing a channel state information (C) and a method of reconstructing a channel state information, wherein the device for reconstructing includes circuitry for reconstructing the channel state information depending (C) on a first encoding (Tm) of the channel state information (C) understandable by a first decoder, and determining the first encoding (Tm) depending on a second encoding (W1, . . . , WM) of the channel state information (C) understandable by a second decoder. A device for encoding a channel state information and a method of encoding a channel state information, wherein the device for encoding includes circuitry for determining a first encoding of the channel state information understandable by an encoder, determining a second encoding of the channel state information understandable by a decoder depending on the first encoding.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising providing to a machine learning model, as an input, a channel estimation or a plurality of raw pilots, obtaining, from the machine learning model, as an output, a label indicating a channel model, wherein the channel model is representative of channel conditions, based on the label, determining a waveform associated with the channel conditions, indicating the waveform to the receiver, and performing the transmission to the receiver using the waveform.