Abstract: A technique for presetting the tap values of the equalizer component of an OLT burst mode receiver is used to eliminate (or at least shorten) the conventional equalizer training period, which is known to delay the ability to transmit useful data from the ONU to the OLT. The disclosed technique is based on a collection of three known frequency responses: (1) the ONU transmitter response FT(f); (2) the OLT receiver response FR(f); and (3) a specific fiber frequency response FF(f) calculated for the span connecting the transmitter and receiver. FT(f) and FR(f) are known quantities measured during component testing prior to installation. The frequency response of the fiber span may be determined by a combination of the known ONU transmitter measurements with a measurement of the separation between the ONU and the OLT (“reach”) created during a previous activation (ranging) process.

Abstract: Technique for distributing encryption keys for Layer 2.5/3 transport using MKA (MACsec (Media Access Control Security) Key Agreement). A transmitting (TX) node generates an MKA packet having a Layer 2 header, an IP header, a UDP header, an IEEE 802.1x header, and an MKA payload containing the encryption key for encrypting a packet flow transmitted from the TX node to a receiving (RX) node. The IEEE 802.1x header includes a Security Channel Identification (SCI) that uniquely identifies the packet flow and the encrypting TX node. The TX node transmits the MKA packet to the RX node via a Layer 3 transport. The RX node receives the MKA packet and obtains the encryption key from the MKA packet. The TX node uses the encryption key to encrypt Layer 2.5/3 transport to the RX node, which uses the encryption key to decrypt the encrypted Layer 2.5/3 transport received from the TX node.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus, comprising means for: determining a rate for a received signal in a passive optical network, PON; selecting, based on the determined rate, a set of coefficients for an equalizer from a plurality of predetermined sets of coefficients for the equalizer, wherein, the plurality of predetermined sets respectively corresponds to a plurality of rates; equalizing the received signal with the equalizer based on the selected set of coefficients, obtaining an equalized signal.

Abstract: A phased approach to training of an upstream burst mode receiver equalizer is disclosed that proceeds incrementally through modulation schemes requiring increasing levels of equalization in a manner where the equalizer maintains the capability to accurately recover data transmitted during each training phase. The phased approach includes an initial training phase (one or more upstream bursts) using a simple modulation format, one or more intermediate phases of different modulation schemes, and a final training phase using the PON-defined (high) line rate upstream modulation format. Equalizer settings generated during the initial phase are used as a starting point for the equalization process in the next training phase, and so on, until the equalizer training reaches the final phase where the ONU uses the PON-defined upstream data rate and the burst mode equalizer is updated accordingly.

Abstract: A network element includes at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the network element to: designate a first user plane function, from among the plurality of user plane functions, as a designated broadcast forwarder from which to receive broadcast control traffic, and receive the broadcast control traffic forwarded from the first user plane function, from among the plurality of user plane functions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatus, and medium for recurrent spiking neural network based equalization and demapping. A first communication device is configured to: obtain at least one parameter for a recurrent spiking neural network at the first communication device, wherein the at least one parameter is generated based on channel condition information between the first communication device and a second communication device; configure the recurrent spiking neural network based on the at least one parameter; and perform equalization and demapping on a signal received from the second communication device based on the recurrent spiking neural network. In this way, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for recurrent spiking neural network based equalization and demapping, thereby implementing a solution of a low power consumption joint equalization and demapping.

Abstract: A network element for network access by a subscriber in a control and user plane separation architecture includes at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network element to establish a PFCP session to program a set of packet forwarding rules for forwarding data traffic and facilitate network access by the subscriber according to a first set of QoS parameters. The set of packet forwarding rules associate the subscriber with at least a first subscriber group. The first subscriber group includes the first set of QoS parameters that are shared between the subscriber and one or more additional subscribers.

Abstract: Various example embodiments for supporting security for containerized applications may be configured to support security for containerized applications deployed to customer devices. Various example embodiments for supporting security for containerized applications that are deployed to customer devices may be configured to properly secure and validate containerized applications that are deployed to customer devices.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage media for network performance monitoring. In example embodiments, durations of normally released calls and durations of abnormally released calls are monitored during a measurement period. Based on the monitored durations of normally released calls and the monitored durations of abnormally released calls, an average value of the monitored durations of normally released call and an average value of the monitored durations of abnormally released calls are further determined. Then, the average value of the monitored durations of normally released call and the average value of the monitored durations of abnormally released calls are transmitted.

Abstract: An apparatus configured to perform obtaining a stream of codewords, including a first type codeword and a second type codeword, wherein, the first type codeword is an idle codeword, and the second type codeword includes data intended for at least one of the ONUs; obtaining, an interleaved bitstream from the stream of codewords based on an interleaving scheme, wherein, in the interleaved bitstream, bits at positions corresponding the first type codeword include redundant bits, and bits at positions corresponding to the second type codeword include information bits; determining values for one or more redundant bits placed between two adjacent information bits in the interleaved bitstream based on the values of either or both of the two adjacent information bits; and transmitting the interleaved bitstream to one or more of the ONUs.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, applications employ data packets having a transport header comprising (i) a port number field encoding a vendor private port number and (ii) a tuple field encoding a vendor unique port number comprising a Vendor Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) value and a vendor-specified Vendor Port value. This technique for allocating unique port numbers enables vendors to roll out vendor-proprietary applications at will and without involving any external party. This technique enables faster rollout of vendor-proprietary applications over standard transport protocols without needing to standardize or disclose the details of the application in the public domain. Once standardized, e.g., by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the technique enables any enterprise to roll out its custom/proprietary applications easily.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining channel condition are disclosed. The apparatus comprises: a reception radio unit having a reception radio unit antenna and a reception radio unit receiver configured to receive uplink transmissions from user equipment; and a spatially-separated transmission radio unit having a transmission radio unit antenna and a transmission radio unit transmitter configured to transmit downlink transmissions to the user equipment, the transmission radio unit having a transmission radio unit receiver configured to receive the uplink transmissions from user equipment to determine a channel condition between the transmission radio unit and the user equipment.

Abstract: In response to a first channel associated with a first OLT and a second channel associated with a second OLT being enabled for target traffic, a traffic scheduler for scheduling the target traffic is determined by the first OLT. The first channel and the second channel correspond to a first wavelength and a second wavelength, respectively. The first OLT transmits channel configurations and offset information to an ONU, based on scheduling of a first group of data units and a second group of data units of the target traffic by the traffic scheduler on the first channel and the second channel, respectively. The channel configurations indicate channel identifications associated with the first channel and the second channel, and the offset information indicates timing information of the first group of data units and the second group of data units corresponding to physical frames transmitted on the first and second channels.

Abstract: Example embodiments provide a compression technique of feedback samples for digital predistortion. A system (100) may comprise a feedback receiver (116) configured to receive feedback signal of a power amplifier (112) output and determine a set of under-sampled samples based on the feedback signal; a compressing circuitry (130) configured to: obtain the under-sampled samples; and compress the under-sampled samples, wherein two or more consecutive under-sampled samples are combined into one or more single samples based on one or more predetermined parameters; and a model coefficient training circuitry (102) configured to receive the compressed under-sampled samples and determine model coefficients for digital predistortion based on the compressed under-sampled samples. A system and a method are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solution for managing a radio map based on radio fingerprinting measurements. A method comprises: acquiring a radio map of an area, the radio map based on radio frequency measurements performed between at least one access node of a wireless network and terminal devices within the area; detecting at least one gap in the radio map and determining geographical coordinates of the at least one gap; causing transmission of a message comprising at least one information element requesting for additional measurements and comprising the geographical coordinates of the at least one gap; in response to the message, receiving at least one radio frequency measurement report related to at least one terminal device and comprising radio frequency measurement data and at least one measurement location where the radio frequency measurement data has been measured; and updating the radio map on the basis of the radio frequency measurement data.

Abstract: Various example embodiments for supporting transport of data packets over optical fiber networks are presented herein. Various example embodiments for supporting transport of data packets over optical fiber networks may be configured to support transport of data packets over optical fiber networks based on mapping of data packets onto wavelength channels based on quality of service (QoS) mapping. Various example embodiments for supporting transport of data packets over optical fiber networks based on mapping of data packets onto wavelength channels based on QoS mapping may be configured to support transport of data packets over optical fiber networks based on mapping of data packets onto wavelength channels based on QoS mapping information that includes mappings of data packet QoS levels to wavelength channel QoS levels.

Abstract: Example embodiments provide a compression technique of feedback samples for digital predistortion. A system (100) may comprise a feedback receiver (116) configured to receive feedback signal of a power amplifier (112) output and determine a set of under-sampled samples based on the feedback signal; a compressing circuitry (130) configured to: obtain the under-sampled samples; and compress the under-sampled samples, wherein two or more consecutive under-sampled samples are combined into one or more single samples based on one or more predetermined parameters; and a model coefficient training circuitry (102) configured to receive the compressed under-sampled samples and determine model coefficients for digital predistortion based on the compressed under-sampled samples. A system and a method are disclosed.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, method, and non-transitory computer readable medium for resource sharing between at least a first radio access network (RAN) and a second RAN may include at least one base station and a resource manager corresponding to the at least one base station. The resource manager may determine whether to allocate at least one future slot of a radio frame of the common carrier as a first RAN slot or a second RAN slot based on received RAN resource utilization information corresponding to a current slot of the radio frame of the common carrier, or active connection information corresponding to active RAN connections served by the base station; generate RAN resource allocation information corresponding to the at least one future slot based on results of the determining, and transmit the RAN resource allocation information to at least one RAN scheduler corresponding to the base station.

Abstract: A method performed by an access node includes the reception of dynamic resource requirements from a core network (CN) to perform adaptive scheduling of uplink transmissions linked to downlink data exchanges between the access node and a user device. The method involves configuring uplink and downlink schedule adaptively to accommodate variations in network conditions and user device requirements. The method facilitates an agile response from the core network which corresponds to closed-loop control events while considering real-time feedback from multiple user devices simultaneously.

Abstract: A network device includes processing circuitry configured to cause the network device to: partition a flow graph for an application to generate a partitioned graph of nodes and edges, each of the nodes including computations mapped to an execution unit to execute at least a portion of the application, and each of the edges denoting communications between execution units; determine whether the partitioned graph is an irreducible graph; and schedule the computations and the communications for execution in response to determining that the partitioned graph is an irreducible graph.