Abstract: A method for restoring a network slice includes receiving a request to restore the network slice to a previous configuration, the previous configuration and a current configuration of the network slice being stored in a datastore, generating sets of subtrees from device-specific data in the current configuration and the previous configuration to be added, removed, or replaced in the current configuration, and restoring the network slice to the previous configuration based on the sets of subtrees.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a device, method, apparatus and computer readable storage medium for channel estimation in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. The MIMO system comprises a receiver configured with a plurality of receiving antennas and a transmitter configured with a plurality of transmitting antennas. In example embodiments, a plurality of data symbols are detected based on channel estimation from a plurality of signals received by the plurality of receiving antenna from the plurality of transmitting antennas. The plurality of detected data symbols are adjusted based on a set of constellation points for a modulation mode used by the transmitter and associated with the plurality of signals. The channel estimation is updated based on the plurality of adjusted data symbols.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for estimating and/or predicting mobility metric(s) for RAN optimization. One method includes receiving a request, from at least one RAN optimization service, to provide an estimate or prediction of a mobility metric for at least one UE or group of UEs or at least one cell. The request may include attributes describing characteristics of the mobility metric. The method may then include communicating with a RAN node to request data about the at least one UE or the group of UEs or the at least one cell associated with the request, receiving the requested data, and calculating the estimate or the prediction of the mobility metric using the requested data and based on the attributes received in the request from the at least one RAN optimization service.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a transmitter, method, apparatus and computer readable storage medium for quantized precoding in a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. In example embodiments, a transmitter determines a normalized factor for precoding of a plurality of signals intended for a plurality of receivers. The first device precodes the plurality of intended signals using the normalized factor by iteratively performing acts. The acts include determining, by using the normalized factor, a descending direction of a difference between the plurality of intended signals and corresponding signals received at the plurality of receivers, a descending rate of the difference being above a threshold rate in the descending direction, and determining a plurality of precoded signals based on the descending direction. Then, the first device quantizes the plurality of precoded signals for transmission by the transmitter to the plurality of receivers.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for controlling measurements of a terminal device. According to an aspect, a method comprises: determining, on the basis of measurement data measured from a radio link, a distance between an access node and a terminal device and angular motion of the terminal device with respect to the access node; making a decision about a length of a time interval between consecutive radio measurements of the terminal device on the basis of the distance and the angular motion; and communicating the decision over the radio link.

Abstract: A method and apparatus comprises acquiring set of input streams associated with a spatial layer configured for a terminal device, and estimating a channel vector h representing a radio channel response associated with the spatial layer. An interference covariance matrix R representing power of interference is computed from at least one other spatial layer in the set of input streams and correlation of the interference within the set of input streams of the spatial layer. A per-layer interference rejection is performed, combining equalization on the set of input streams, comprising: a) estimating x=R?1h as a combination of a set of linear equations, wherein the number of linear equations is defined by an input parameter to be equal to or smaller than dimensions of the interference covariance matrix; and b) computing an estimate of a transmitted symbol on the basis of the channel vector and the estimated x.

Abstract: Inter-radio access technology (inter-RAT) load balancing under multi-carrier dynamic spectrum sharing (SS) context is provided. One method may include splitting shared radio-frequency resources into orthogonal resource pool shares. The method may include receiving a load metric for each of a plurality of radio access technologies. The method may include assigning, based on the load metric, one of the resource pool shares to each of the plurality of radio access technologies. In addition, the method may include dynamically adjusting a proportion of the assigned resource pool shares based on the load metric of each of the plurality of radio access technologies at corresponding carriers. The method may include assigning a primary carrier to a user equipment based on the load metric, the resource pool share, a coverage of the carriers' physical channels, and a type of multi-carrier operation for each of the plurality of radio access technologies.

Abstract: Various example embodiments for supporting scalability of label switched paths (LSPs) in a label switching network are presented herein. Various example embodiments for supporting scalability of LSPs in a label switching network may be configured to support scalability of LSPs in a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network. Various example embodiments for supporting scalability of LSPs in an MPLS network may be configured to support scalability of LSPs of various FEC types. Various example embodiments for supporting scalability of LSPs in an MPLS network may be configured to support scalability of Prefix FEC based LSPs spanning across multiple routing domains. Various example embodiments for supporting scalability of LSPs in an MPLS network may be configured to support scalability of LSPs for various FEC types that enable aggregation of ranges of FECs by aggregate FECs.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for testing wireless connections is provided. The method comprises obtaining (500) a three-dimensional model of a given environment; obtaining (502) ray tracing calculations describing propagation of radio frequency signals in the given environment; locating (504) one or more devices in the given environment; determining (506) utilising ray tracing calculations the radio frequency signal properties of one or more devices communicating with the device under test; transmitting (508) control information to the radio frequency controller unit for updating the connections between one or more devices and a set) of antenna elements to match with the determined properties; obtaining (510) information on the location and propagation environment of the one or more devices and updating (512) the radio frequency signal properties of the one or more devices if the location or propagation environment changes.

Abstract: A solution for reliable communication in an apparatus of a communication system is provided. The solution comprises receiving (302) from a network element data packets to be transmitted to a user terminal; maintaining (304) one or more transmit buffers for transmitting data packets to the user terminal; transmitting (306) data packets to a user terminal; receiving (308) information from the user terminal regarding whether one or more data packets are successfully or not successfully received; transmitting (310) on the basis of received information acknowledgement information to another network element of the communication system; receiving (312) a notification that one or more packets have been successfully transmitted to the user terminal from a second corresponding apparatus; and, if the one or more transmit buffers comprise the successfully transmitted packets, removing (314) the packets from the buffers.

Abstract: A network node configured to transmit packets to a destination node in a packet network, includes at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the network node to: assemble at least a first packet including a plurality of data units, each of the plurality of data units being grouped into one of a connection group, a network function group or an application group; and transmit the first packet to the destination node.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage mediums provide virtual network slicing without duplicating network configuration data (also referred to as network configuration information) on a slice-by-slice basis by maintaining a single physical network datastore including network configuration information for all network entities in the physical network, but generating slice views for respective virtual network slices as needed over time. Methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage mediums also enable configuration of a plurality of virtual network slices sharing a physical network infrastructure.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure Ethernet communication over IP transport is enabled. The following is performed: Ethernet communication for transmitting and receiving Ethernet frames; IP communication for transmitting and receiving IP data packets over a cellular network; transforming Ethernet frames to IP data packets and vice versa for enabling Ethernet communication over IP transport; and maintaining a header transformation table between Ethernet and IP traffic flows. The transforming comprises using the header transformation table and performing header transformation by removing Ethernet headers from received Ethernet frames and including Ethernet payload in IP data packets, and by reconstructing Ethernet headers for received IP data packets for transmission of payload from the IP data packets in Ethernet frames, wherein the transforming comprises using IPv6 headers of IP data packets to carry dynamic information from the removed Ethernet headers.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices and apparatuses for optical communication, and a computer readable medium. An embodiment of the method comprises determining, at an optical line terminal, a channel characteristic of a channel from an optical network unit to the optical line terminal; determining, based on the channel characteristic, a preamble property for a transmission from the optical network unit to the optical line terminal, the preamble property at least partially compensating for transmission distortion caused by the channel characteristic; transmitting preamble information to the optical network unit, the preamble information being for generating a preamble having the preamble property; and receiving the preamble having the preamble property from the optical network unit. In this way, a training speed of an equalizer of the optical line terminal can be improved, and preamble overhead can be reduced.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for decoding a plurality of codewords from a received binary bitstream. A first decoding stage processes each of the codewords with a first iterative decoding algorithm based on forward error-correction information of the codewords. A second decoding stage processes selected ones of the codewords with a second iterative decoding algorithm, which is based on forward error-correction information in the selected ones of the codewords. Each codeword selected for the second decoding stage is selected in response to an exit from the decoding of that codeword without the production of a decoded codeword. The second iterative decoding algorithm is configured to enable a greater number of iterations of decoding per codeword than the first iterative decoding algorithm.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for reducing a frequency offset. According to an aspect, a method comprises: acquiring a signal distorted by the frequency offset; estimating a frequency offset estimate describing the frequency offset; computing coefficients for a frequency-domain filter on the basis of a relation between the frequency offset estimate and a combination of the frequency offset estimate and an index of the frequency-domain filter; and performing frequency-domain filtering of the signal by using the computed coefficients.

Abstract: An apparatus including: a MIMO antenna for transmitting beamformed signals on a plurality of beams using a common frequency- and time-limited physical channel resource; circuitry for computing a beamforming gain of each beam in each sub-sector in a coverage area of said plurality of beams; circuitry for determining a beam dominance region of each beam within the coverage area of said plurality of beams; circuitry for determining, within the dominance region of each beam, an average of the beamforming gain of each of the other beams at least partially co-locating within said beam dominance region; circuitry for determining inter-beam interference estimations as an average interference of each beam from each of said other beams; and circuitry for scheduling transmissions of the beams by said MIMO antenna on said common frequency- and time-limited physical channel resource based on said inter-beam interference estimations.

Abstract: An apparatus (200) includes a transceiver (204) configured to establish a connection with a spectrum access server (SAS) (115, 116) and a processor (202) configured to monitor a status of the connection. The processor (202) is also configured to modify the connection to the SAS (115, 116) in response to the status indicating a possible failure of the connection. The processor (202) modifies the connection prior to expiration of a timeout interval for the connection to the SAS (115, 116). The apparatus (200) is a Citizens Band Service Device (CBSD) (131-133) or a domain proxy (DP) (130) that aggregates messages for multiple CBSDs.

Abstract: An optical data transmitter having M serially optically connected electro-absorption modulators (EAMs) individually driven using ON-OFF-keying (OOK) electronics, where M is an integer greater than one. In an example embodiment, the optical data transmitter can be used to generate an intensity-modulated optical signal carrying symbols of a 2M-level unipolar pulse-amplitude-modulation constellation. The OOK electronics enables the DC bias voltages and/or AC amplitudes of the two-level drive signals applied to different EAMs to be individually controllable to achieve desired uniform or non-uniform separation between the constellation levels. In at least some embodiments, temperatures of different EAMs may also be individually controllable. In various embodiments, the EAMs may operate in reflection or in transmission.

Abstract: A human language software defined network (SDN) control system, including: a voice to text machine learning model configured to convert user speech to text; a machine learning language processing engine configured to control the operation of a SDN controller based upon the text; and a machine learning minimal language processing engine configured to control the operation of a SDN element based upon commands from the SDN controller produced by the machine learning language processing engine.