Abstract: The invention relates to a method for implementing a memory and to a memory arrangement. The memory is implemented as a directory structure comprising a tree-shaped hierarchy having nodes at several different hierarchy levels. The directory structure employs width-compressed nodes in which non-nil pointers are physically stored and additionally a bit pattern which has one bit for each element and wherein e.g. a 1-bit indicates that the content of the element corresponds to a pointer pointing downward in the directory structure. The physical storage location in the node, corresponding to the element table index associated with the search word, is determined on the basis of the bit pattern. To enable rapid determination that requires little memory capacity, a search table is stored in which numbers of bits having value 1 are stored in different combinations of a word whose total number of bits is a predetermined portion, preferably half, of the number of bits in said bit pattern.

Abstract: A smart card reader module is disclosed and it includes a biasing member (36,39) for ejecting a smart card (27) inserted into the module against a bias provided by the biasing member (36,39) and a locking member (46) to retain an inserted smart card (27) in the module, the biasing member (36,39) being operable to eject a smart card (27) from the module on release of the locking member (46). The smart card reader module is particularly intended for use in mobile telecommunications apparatus (1) for mounting a Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) card.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for converting signals in two-channel stereo format to become suitable to be played back using headphones. The invention also relates to a signal processing device for carrying out said method. According to the invention left direct path (Ld) and left cross-talk path (LX) signals are formed from the left input signal (Lin), and correspondingly right direct path (Rd) and right cross-talk path (RX) signals are formed from the right input signal (Rin), and further the left output signal (Lout) is formed by combining said left direct-path (Ld) and said right cross-talk path (Rx) signals, and correspondingly, the right output signal (Rout) is formed by combining said right direct-path (Rd) and said left cross-talk path (Lx) signals.

Abstract: A method and equipment for using two SIM cards with the same MSISDN number in a mobile communication system. To at least one subscriber identifier are allocated at least two identity modules (SIM), of which only one at a time can be registered as active. In connection with location updating it is checked whether the location updating relates to a subscriber identifier to which at least two identity modules (SIM) have been allocated. If yes, it is checked whether the identity module (SIM) concerned is at that particular moment registered as passive, and if yes, it is activated 3and the identity module (SIM) earlier registered as active is deactivated. If the identity module (SIM) earlier registered as active is involved in an on-going call while location updating is being performed using an identity module (SIM) earlier registered as passive, the location updating is rejected or delayed until the on-going call has been terminated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing mini packet switching in IP networks, e.g., IP based cellular access networks and IP telephony (IPTEL) gateway networks. The method and apparatus provide a signaling scheme that establishes a connection between the source and destination node, wherein channels at each intermediate node are associated for a single end-to-end connection. This enables demultiplexing and multiplexing mini packets at intermediate nodes in a RAN and CN. The method includes receiving a payload at a node, the payload including a plurality of multiplexed mini packets, each mini packet having a header, wherein the header identifies a user and a connection associated therewith, demultiplexing the mini packets, analyzing the header of each mini packet to determine a processing for the mini packet and multiplexing packets having a common next hop in a new RTP payload.

Abstract: A method of recording and delivering a voice message from a calling telephone (1) to a called telephone (2) in the event that the called telephone (2) cannot be reached. A voice message (12) is recorded at the calling telephone (1) and is stored there until the calling telephone (1) receives a message (10) from the telephone network (3) that the called telephone (2) can now be reached. Upon receipt of this message (10), the calling telephone (1) initiates a call to the called telephone (2) and replays the recorded message (14) over the open voice channel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of generating a carrier wave of common channels and a radio system. The radio system comprises a network part, subscriber terminals and a bidirectional transmission path between the network part and the subscriber terminal. The bidirectional transmission path consists of frames to be transmitted at a carrier wave frequency. A frame comprises time slots. To a time slot is applied a channel, the channel being either a common channel (FCCH, SCH, BCCH, CCCH) or a dedicated channel (TCH). The carrier wave is generated by adjusting transmission powers of time slots and by using frequency hopping to the effect that first there is transmitted at least one time slot containing a common channel (FCCH, SCH, BCCH, CCCH), with a predetermined reference power. Then, other time slots are transmitted with a transmission power lower than the reference power, and using frequency hopping.

Abstract: An ETSI standard contains a definition to the effect that the number to be transmitted to a subscriber line in a telephone exchange system to identify the other party of a call may be a number stored in the subscriber data for the other party of a number given from the other party's subscriber line. The invention relates to a procedure for the transmission of numbers to a subscriber line in accordance with the user's preferences. In other words, the invention allows the user to decide himself/herself whether the other party's number to be transmitted for presentation to the user's subscriber line is the number stored in the subscriber data for the other party, the number given from the other party's subscriber line, or both.

Abstract: The invention relates to the implementation of multiplexing and demultiplexing of optical signals. The multiplexing and demultiplexing are carried out by using the same waveguide phased array component (WGA). On the first side, the component comprises at least an input port and an output port (IG, OG), and on its second side a first group of ports that constitute the demultiplexer function output ports, and a second group of ports that constitute the multiplexer function input ports. An optical input signal is applied to the input port, such an input signal comprising a number of signals each at its own wavelength, the input signal is demultiplexed in the component and the demultiplexed signals are coupled to ports of the first group. The signals to be multiplexed are applied to ports of the second group and the multiplexed signal is coupled to the output port (OG).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring the battery capacity of the battery backup system and for compensating the RF output power to increase the service availability of the cellular base station. The present invention provides compensation of RF output power when the battery back-up system is in use for a cellular base station. By monitoring the battery capacity and power consumption of the cellular base station, the RF output power can be compensated. This compensation in RF output power will increase the time that the cellular base station can operate within the battery backup mode. This therefore increases the cellular base station service availability and does not allow for any loss of network operator income.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for configuring cross-connections of a radio system, and to a radio system implementing the method. The radio system comprises network elements and a network management system managing the network elements. The network elements are operatively interconnected by means of a transmission network realized by transmission circuits. Information between the network elements is transmitted in frames that are divided into time slots. The radio system comprises at least one cross-connection unit between at least two network elements for realizing the cross-connections needed to establish the transmission circuits. The method comprises the following operations: uploading a transmission network topology of the radio system, and utilizing labeled transmission circuits in analyzing the fragmentation of the cross-connections, and optimizing the capacity by reconfiguring the cross-connections when fragmentation of the capacity exceeds an agreed percentage of the total capacity of a circuit.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and apparatuses for performing electronic payment transactions between a terminal equipment (100) in a telecommunication network and the other transacting party (1,2, . . . ,N). The invention utilizes a special payment service gateway (10) through which all the payment transactions of the terminal equipments in the telecommunication network are routed. The payment service gateway allows the parties of the payment transaction to support different electronic payment protocols (A, B, . . . , X) and performs the required protocol conversions so as to provide an end-to-end transaction.

Abstract: A cover structure for the cover of an electronic device where a first part is movable in relation to a second part is described. The first part comprises a certain electrical component (303, 503) and means (307, 308, 309, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510) for forming an electrically conducting connection between the first and second parts. The first part comprises an outer cover part (301, 501) and an inner cover part (302, 502) of substantially the same size, whereby the electrical component is located between the inner cover part and the outer cover part. Further the first part comprises slide conductors (308, 309, 506, 507) on such a surface of the inner cover part which is not against the outer cover part.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of generating a control signal and to an arrangement comprising a D/A converter for receiving a digital signal and converting the received signal into an analog control signal. The arrangement comprises measuring means for measuring the operating voltage of the D/A converter, means for generating a difference signal from the measurement result obtained from the measurement of the operating voltage, and the nominal value of the operating voltage, whereby the difference signal is used to change the control signal when the operating voltage differs from a nominal value preset for the operating voltage of the D/A converter.

Abstract: A gain control circuit for a telephone, the circuit comprising a signal strength calculator for calculating the strength of a signal; a gain controller adapted to modify the strength of the signal in accordance with a predetermined criterion based on the strength of the signal calculated by the signal strength calculator.

Abstract: A cellular radio system comprises base stations and mobile stations. In order to execute handover, there is chosen a group of potential new base stations and estimated the carrier to interference ratio that each potential new base station included in said group could offer. The carrier to interference ratio can be estimated separately for real-time and for non-real-time connections and/or for uplink and downlink connections.

Abstract: A method is presented for biasing an attenuator circuit used in high frequency applications. The method can improve the stability of the AGC system, and in some cases also the control accuracy. An attenuator circuit is disclosed which comprises at least two attenuator members (23) connected in series. In connection with the attenuator members (23) in an attenuator circuit according to the invention there are connected a suitable number of biasing members (22) with which the biasing currents of the attenuator members (23) can be controlled to have different magnitudes, so that in an attenuation situation the attenuator members (23) begin to conduct separately, controlled by the AGC circuit.

Abstract: A radio telephone that returns to a selectable default mode when idle has programmable keys with associated functions that depend upon the default mode of the radio telephone.