Abstract: A process which comprises extracting 1,3-diacyloxy-1,1,3,3-tetra(hydrocarbyl) distannoxane from a mixture containing 1,3-diacyloxy-1,1,3,3-tetra(hydrocarbyl)distannoxane, a sucrose-6-ester, and polar aprotic solvent, which process comprises the steps of:(a) contacting said mixture, in the presence of a small amount of water, with an organic solvent that is substantially immiscible with water to form thereby an extraction mixture, wherein the amount of water employed is sufficient to cause efficient partitioning of said 1,3-diacyloxy-1,1,3,3-tetra(hydrocarbyl)distannoxane from a first phase comprising said polar aprotic solvent into second phase comprising said organic solvent;(b) agitating the extraction mixture for a period of time and at a temperature sufficient to form thereby a two-phase mixture wherein the preponderance of the 1,3-diacyloxy-1,1,3,3-tetra(hydrocabyl)distannoxane in the extraction mixture is contained in said second phase and essentially all of the sucrose-6-ester in the extraction mixture

Abstract: Process which comprises reacting sucrose with a di-(hydrocarbyl)tin oxide in an inert organic reaction vehicle with removal of water for a period of time and at a temperature sufficient to produce a 1,3-di-(6-O-sucrose)-1,1,3,3-tetra(hydrocarbyl)distannoxane.

Abstract: A process for the chlorination of sucrose-6-esters to produce 6',4,1'-trichlorosucrose-6-esters which comprises the steps of:(a) adding at least seven molar equivalents of an acid chloride to a reaction mixture containing a sucrose-6-ester and a tertiary amide to form initially a chloroformiminium chloride salt which subsequently forms a complex with the hydroxyl groups of the sucrose-6-ester;(b) subjecting the reaction mixture product of step (a) to an elevated temperature not higher than about 85.degree. C. for a period of time sufficient to produce a mixture of chlorinated sucrose-6-ester products consisting essentially of 6'-chlorosucrose-6-ester, 4,6'-dichlorosucrose-6-ester, and 1',6'-dichlorosucrose-6-ester; and(c) subjecting the reaction mixture product of step (b) to an elevated temperature not higher than about 125.degree. C. for a period of time sufficient to produce a chlorinated product consisting essentially of 1',4,6'-trichlorosucrose-6-ester.

Abstract: Sucrose is reacted with a 1,3-di(hydrocarbyloxy)-1,1,3,3-tetra(hydrocarbyl)distannoxane to produce a 1,3-di-(6-O-sucrose)-1,1,3,3-tetra(hydrocarbyl)distannoxane, which can be acylated to produce a sucross-6-ester.

Abstract: A process for the purification of crude 4-aminophenol which was prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in aqueous sulfuric acid is described involving: adjusting the pH of an aqueous solution of crude 4-aminophenol to pH 4.0-5.0 at a temperature between 75.degree. C. and 85.degree. C.; mixing the aforesaid solution with toluene as the solvent, in order to extract various impurities and the dissolved nitrobenzene starting material; adjusting the pH of the resultant solution as required to maintain it at pH 4.0-5.0; allowing the resultant mixture to settle thereby forming a top organic layer and a bottom aqueous raffinate layer which raffinate contains 4-aminophenol and the by-product material, ortho-aminophenol; separating the two layers and repeatedly extracting the raffinate layer which toluene at pH 4.0-5.0 at a temperature of 75.degree.-85.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a DC signaling circuit operatively associated with a communication system having an isolation transformer interconnected between a central communication exchange center and a station site such as a power substation or generating plant where high voltage potential exists. The isolation transformer provides protection from fault conditions that could apply hazardous voltage to a cable pair entering the station. Because of the presence of the isolation transformer, there is no direct path for DC signal functions to pass from the station to the central communication exchange center. Thus, the DC signaling circuit of the present invention is designed to simulate and transfer the simulated DC signals across the isolation transformer to a line side of the communication system leading to the central communication exchange center.