Abstract: It was discovered that prostate-specific antigen is produced by non-prostatic endocrine cancers. It was further discovered that non-prostatic endocrine cancers with steroid receptors can be stimulated with steroids to cause them to produce PSA either initially or at increased levels. This invention relates to the imaging of non-prostatic endocrine cancers by labelled biological binding units which bind to prostate-specific antigen in an imaging procedure, such as, radio imaging or magnetic resonance imaging. Further, the PSA-binding units may be constructed to deliver a toxic agent, such as a radioisotope, toxin or a drug to provide endocrine cancer therapy. Another aspect of the invention is passive immunotherapy against endocrine cancers by treatment with PSA-binding units.

Abstract: This invention relates to the detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in female breast tumor extract as a prognostic or predictive indicator for breast carcinoma. The presence of prostate-specific antigen in breast tumours is associated with earlier disease stage, younger women and better survival. PSA is associated with tumors which have estrogen and/or progersterone receptors.

Abstract: It was discovered that prostate-specific antigen is produced by non-prostatic endocrine cancers. It was further discovered that non-prostatic endocrine cancers with steroid receptors can be stimulated with steroids to cause them to produce PSA either initially or at increased levels. This invention relates to the imaging of non-prostatic endocrine cancers by labelled biological binding units which bind to prostate-specific antigen in an imaging procedure, such as, radioimaging or magnetic resonance imaging. Further, the PSA-binding units may be constructed to deliver a toxic agent, such as a radioisotope, toxin or a drug to provide endocrine cancer therapy. Another aspect of the invention is passive immunotherapy against endocrine cancers by treatment with PSA-binding units.

Abstract: Fluorogenic chelators for Eu.sup.3+ and Tb.sup.3+ are provided, they form highly fluorescent complexes with Eu.sup.3+ and Tb.sup.3+. In all cases, the fluorescence observed was lanthanide-specific, long-lived and it was monitored by microsecond time-resolved fluorometry. The fluorogenic chelators could be quantified, in the presence of excess lanthanide, at levels<10.sup.-8 mol/L. Fluorogenic chelators can form ternary complexes with Eu.sup.3+ and Tb.sup.3+, in the presence of EDTA. The structures of the identified chelators is such that enzyme substrates can be used for enzyme-labelled time-resolved fluorometric immunoassays.

Abstract: This invention relates to the detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) subfractions in serum as a prognostic or predictive indicator for breast carcinoma. In particular this invention relates to an in vitro blood test for the diagnosis of breast cancer using serum PSA subfractions. Serum PSA subfractions are remarkably different in the serum from breast cancer patients, normal male patients and female patients treated for breast cancer.

Abstract: This invention relates to the detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in female breast tumor extract as a prognostic or predictive indicator for breast carcinoma. The presence of prostate-specific antigen in breast tumors is associated with earlier disease stage, younger women and better survival. PSA is associated with tumors which have estrogen and/or progesteron receptors.

Abstract: Fluorogenic chelators for Eu.sup.3+ and Tb.sup.3+ are provided, they form highly fluorescent complexes with Eu.sup.3+ and Tb.sup.3+. In all cases, the fluorescence observed was lanthanide-specific, long-lived and it was monitored by microsecond time-resolved fluorometry. The fluorogenic chelators could be quantified, in the presence of excess lanthanide, at levels <10.sup.-8 mol/L. Two new fluorogenic chelators can form ternary complexes with Eu.sup.3+ and Tb.sup.3+, in the presence of EDTA. The structures of the identified chelators is such that enzyme substrates can be used for enzyme-labelled time-resolved fluorometric immunoassays. The chelator 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate which forms fluorescent, long-lived complexes with Eu.sup.3+, can be split by alkaline phosphatase to phosphate and 4-methylumbelli-ferone which does not form fluorescent complexes with Eu.sup.3+. Highly sensitive immunoassays for thyrotropin and thyroxine in human serum are demonstrated.