Abstract: A method of removing iron and halogen coloring materials from hydrochloric acid, by removing iron from the hydrochloric acid, and thereafter adding a nitrogen containing reducing agent to the hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: An improved aluminum alloy containing specific additions of silicon and copper to improve wear resistance and improve solutionizing of the alloying constituents, and a process for forming a wear-resistant component from the alloy. The improved aluminum alloy is also characterized by good strength and sufficient ductility so as to permit forging of a wear-resistant component from the alloy. A preferred composition for the alloy, in weight percent, is about 13.0 to about 15.5 percent silicon; about 0.8 to about 2.0 percent copper; about 0.8 to about 1.3 percent magnesium, and the balance being aluminum and impurities. The aluminum alloy is particularly well suited to form pistons of the type used in compressors of automotive air conditioning systems.

Abstract: A method for forming ports on a heat exchanger manifold, in which risers are back extruded in a single operation from the surrounding material of the manifold such that subsequent machining steps to further define and finish the port are unnecessary. The method of this invention generally includes forging the manifold between a pair of die halves so as to back extrude a localized portion of the manifold into a riser cavity in one of the die halves. Afterwards, and while the manifold remains within the die cavity, a punch is forced through the riser cavity and into the extruded portion in a direction toward the manifold so as to further back extrude the extruded portion. This step causes the raised portion to flow in a direction opposite to the direction of the punch, producing a riser having an internal bore defined by the punch and an outer surface defined by the cavity.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for filling bulk material into flexible containers. The filling is carried out through a filling pipe or spout while the container is hanging on a hook. The impervious part of the container, which may be in form of an inner bag, is fastened around the spout and kept in place during the filling operation without any special fastening means. This is obtained by first hanging at least one lifting loop on the hook before the pipe is put into the container. Then the remaining loops are hooked onto the hook during simultaneous or subsequent filling of the container with air. The loops are secured together while the container is hanging on the hook. Thus, the container will be made ready for further transport as soon as it is filled and its impervious bag is closed. The apparatus comprises a batch weigher, storage bin having an outlet into a funnel with a pipe for supplying air.

Abstract: A reinforced flexible container unit includes a flexible container having an upper section with lifting loops, a filling opening, a container bottom, and a central section formed by side walls extending from the container bottom to the upper section. The central section has a height portion extending upwardly from the container bottom and adapted to be contacted by bulk material when the container is filled with such bulk material. A reinforcing belt or belts are positioned to extend around the entire circumference of the central section of the container at least at a lower portion thereof adjacent the container bottom. The belt or belts have an open lower end and do not cover or enclose the container bottom. The belt or belts have a total width of from one-third of the height portion of the central section of the container equal to the height of such height section.

Abstract: The invention relates to a growth medium which is to be used for covering the surface of the ground and which consists of or contains a mixture of an inorganic mineral binder based on cement, an organic fibrous material and fertiliser.