Abstract: Described are a system and method for establishing zone-based pricing for services transported over connectionless and connection-oriented networks. The connectivity network supporting the service is partitioned into one or more zones. A node connected to a packet transport network receives a packet associated with the service. The packet has information that is used to identify one of the zones of the connectivity network to which the packet can be transmitted. Service providers are thus able to use zoning to apply a pricing structure for services traditionally lacking distance-based pricing, such as Ethernet, Storage, and Internet Protocol services.

Abstract: A time division duplex (TDD) wireless apparatus includes a low noise amplifier (LNA) system, at least one antenna and a transceiver system. The apparatus supports N time division duplexed channels which each have a transmit direction of transmission flow and a receive direction of transmission flow. The LNA system comprises N sub-units. Each sub-unit comprises a first circulator for connecting to a respective TX/RX feed to the transceiver system and a second circulator for connecting to the at least one antenna. The first circulator and second circulator within each sub-unit are interconnected to provide a path in one of the directions of transmission flow. The first circulator of each sub-unit is connected to the second circulator of another sub-unit to provide a path in the other direction of transmission flow. A single channel variant is also provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed to maintain synchronous communications that uses a global positioning system satellite, a primary communication unit, and a secondary communication unit. The satellite based time reference broadcasts a reference signal to the primary communication unit and the secondary communication unit. The primary communication unit contains a high quality oscillator, and operates a virtual model of a secondary oscillator which is located in the secondary communication unit. The primary and secondary units have synchronous communications with each other by using a global positioning system satellite broadcast as a reference signal. If the secondary unit loses its signal from the global positioning system, the secondary oscillator enters a holdover state and transmits a notification of the holdover state to the primary communications unit.

Abstract: A method is provided for distributing packets to multiple addressees over a network. A template packet is generated by the usual routing stack for each addressee to include the routing information necessary to send a packet to that addressee. From this template packet a template is formed and stored for each addressee. The data stream to be transmitted is formed into a stream of data packet payloads. Rather than sending this stream through the routing stack for each addressee, the template for each addressee is applied to each data packet payload to thereby generate a plurality of packets from every data packet payload each addressed to a different addressee. This enables multicast-like efficiencies to be achieved without using multicast protocols which are frequently disabled or unavailable on networks, and avoids the processor-intensive alternative of sending each data packet through the IP stack once for each addressee.

Abstract: A computer network processes data packets in the event of a network link failure. The network includes a plurality of routers that deliver data packets to the network via a plurality of links. At least one router includes a protection cycle manager. The protection cycle manager has a protection cycle packet identifier and a protection cycle packet processor. The protection cycle packet identifier identifies, as protection cycle packets, data packets having a specific protection cycle format. The protection cycle packet processor processes protection cycle packets to determine whether the packet destination corresponds to the routing node, and if the packet destination corresponds to the routing node, the protection cycle packet is treated by the routing node as a data packet received from the packet source via the failed link. Otherwise, if the packet destination does not correspond to the routing node, the protection cycle packet is sent to a protection cycle node for the routing node.

Abstract: A network protocol distributes control and lookup functions among various network elements. Plural servers are permitted to service the same domain name without requiring re-mapping. Each client or server is permitted to have a different network quality of service level that is provided by one or more network elements of a network or server quality of service level that is provided by a server.

Abstract: Network processes within a group of network processes are configured to share stack space by controlling when a context switch may be performed between processes in the group. Since a context switch will not be performed between group members during execution of the event loop, the dedicated stack requirements of the process are limited to that required to store state information when the process is idling on a select function. This reduces system stack requirements by allowing a large portion of the stack to be shared by multiple network processes without creating unintended dependencies between the processes. A semaphore may be used to control access to the shared stack space to prevent unintended context switches between group members. If there is more than one group of processes, the operating system may perform context switches between processes in different groups since each group has its own dedicated area of shared stack.

Abstract: Techniques for reducing the number of layers in a multilayer signal routing device are disclosed. The technique may be realized as a method for routing one or more conductive traces between a plurality of electronic components of a multilayer signal routing device. The method comprises forming a first inter-component channel at a first routing layer of the multilayer signal routing device, the first inter-component channel extending between a first set of two or more electronic components of the plurality of electronic components and having a first orientation and forming a second inter-component channel at a second routing layer of the multilayer signal routing device, the second inter-component channel extending between a second set of two or more electronic components of the plurality of electronic components and having a second orientation different from the first orientation.

Abstract: In order that emergency service vehicles can be dispatched to the correct destination promptly, accurate information about the location of the caller is needed. Another problem concerns routing emergency calls to the correct destination. For emergency calls a universal code is used such as 911 in North America and 112 in Europe. This universal code cannot be used to identify the destination of the call. These problems are particularly acute for nomadic communications systems such as voice over internet protocol communications networks. That is because user terminals change network location. These problems are solved by enabling the geographical location of the emergency caller to be determined by entities within a packet-based network without the need for modification of existing emergency services network infrastructure.

Abstract: A system and method for synchronizing a local clock to a reference clock using a linear model of the error between the local clock and the reference clock is disclosed. In one embodiment, a direct smoothing process is used in conjunction with the linear model to estimate a frequency offset by which the frequency of an oscillator of the local clock is adjusted. Also disclosed herein is a phased-lock loop (PLL) adapted to synchronize a local clock with a reference clock using the direct smoothing process, as well as a system implementing the PLL for timing the playout of data received from a transmitter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved wireless communications system capable of efficiently transmitting smaller-sized data packets (e.g. 10 to 20 byte length) that are frequently delivered (e.g. every 10 to 20 msec.) to mobile nodes on the communications system, such as voice communications. Because an uncompressed TCP/IP or UDP/IP header length is disproportionally large compared to the smaller-sized data packets, the bandwidth on the backhaul connection between the base station controller unit (BSC) and the base transceiver station (BTS) is not being utilized as efficiently as possible. The present invention optimizes the transmission of information packets on the backhaul connection by using an IP Adaptation Layer (IPAL) protocol to map the user connections, eliminate the large header on information packets having smaller-sized data packet sizes, and concatenating the data packets into an IPAL information packet for tunneling on the backhaul connection.

Abstract: A method for hard-decision channel decoding of tail-biting convolutional codes includes the step of receiving from a channel an input bit stream encoded by a tail-biting convolutional channel encoder. The encoder includes a number of memory elements and a rate. The input bit stream includes a series of symbols; each symbol includes a number of bits; the number of bits is related to the rate of the encoder. The method further includes the step of assuming a probability for each possible initial state of the encoder. The method further includes the step of decoding each symbol of the input bit stream using majority logic, with reference to a trellis structure corresponding to the encoder. The trellis structure represents: a number of states related to the number of memory elements of the encoder; a plurality of transitional branches; and a number of stages related to the number of symbols in the input bit stream.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel system and method for designing a network. The system is preferably a computer operable to allow a user to input the nodes and links of a network, and to input product information associated with the nodes and links. The computer also stores product-reliability models corresponding to the hardware information. The computer is operable to perform operations that consider the nodes, links, product models to determine a set of reliability performance parameters. The computer can be further operable to vary certain reliability parameters to determine the impact from the perspective of an end-user or other type of network client. One method can include the collection of desired client requirements from the end-user and designing various network configurations to conform with the desired client requirements. Thus, the present invention can be used, and to optimize network designs.

Abstract: A caller places a telephone call and enters an access code when calling a subscriber. The caller's access code signal is generated by the caller when the caller inputs his or her access code. The call is transmitted over the Public Switched Telephone Network to a subscriber's telephone number. A Call Router Server capable of receiving the caller's telephone call and the caller's access code signal is provided. The Call Router Server detects the caller's access code signal and then directing the caller's telephone call to the subscriber to be completed in a particular manner based upon the caller's access code. An Access Code Server which is Web server is provided that allows a subscriber to input the manner in which incoming telephone calls will be received and completed based upon the access code signal that is received by the Call Router Server.

Abstract: A modular bidirectional optical amplification system includes a multiwavelength dual amplifier building block, a multiwavelength unidirectional booster amplifier BB, a unidirectional and a bidirectional Optical Service Channel (OSC) BB, an Intelligent Optical Terminal Accessway (IOTA) module, and an interleaved filter BB. The dual amplifier BB is available in a C-band version, an E-band version and a hybrid version, and provides unidirectional or bidirectional multichannel amplification. The booster amplifier is available in a C-band version, an E-band version and in a booster plus variant; one for the C-band and one for E-band. The unidirectional and bidirectional OSC BBs provide a means for OAM&P functionality to the optical network. The IOTA BB provides multiplexing and demultiplexing, and the filter BB provides separation of the signal into grid-1 and grid-2 channels.

Abstract: Signal capture control circuitry for use integrated in a switch for a telecommunications network, includes circuitry for selecting at least one of the call paths corresponding to a given call, for signal capture for analysis. Capture control circuitry for controlling the signal capture on the selected call path and for communicating with the call control circuitry is also provided. Having the signal capture control as part of the switch, and communicating with call control circuitry of the switch, makes it becomes possible to analyse previously inaccessible signals in the switch or in its inputs or outputs. Also, it becomes possible to trigger signal capture based on call control events which do not appear externally.

Abstract: This invention relates to a radio transceiver operable in multiple modes. The transceiver is operable, in one embodiment, to communicate with digital and analogue modulation format cellular radio systems. The handset utilizes a novel frequency plan and architecture to enable a minimum level of complexity for dual-moe operation. The frequency plan preferably uses two local oscillators 1LO, 2LO to general all the required frequencies for both the digital and analogue modulation format transceivers, derived from a single reference crystal oscillator. A radio architecture is used to enable switchable dual-mode operation with maximum commonality of functional blocks to facilitate silicon integration.