Abstract: There is disclosed a method of carrying frame based data, eg Ethernet data, over a synchronous digital hierarchy network in order to provide local area network type functionality over a wide area network coverage. Specific embodiments disclose methods of mapping Ethernet data frames into SDH virtual containers, and distinguishing start and end boundaries of the Ethernet data frames within the virtual container payloads, by a selection of encoding methods including a segmentation, pointer methods, bit stuffing methods and byte stuffing methods. Data frames are encoded with a code which designates a boundary of each frame, and the encoded frames are input into a synchronous data channel.

Abstract: A telephony communications system includes a first type link and a second type link for communicating telephony control signaling among nodes in the system. The first type link may include a System Signaling No. 7 (SS7) link, and the second type link may include an Internet Protocol link. Interfaces to the first and second type links are provided in a layer, such as the message transfer part level two (MTP2) layer. If the layer is configured to a first mode, then the commnunication occurs through the interface to the first type link. If the layer is configured to the second mode, then the communication occurs through the interface to the second type link.

Abstract: A communications interface on a data path between a plurality of data channels and a single communications port on a processor. The communications interface controls data as it passes on a receive path from the plurality of data channels to the single communications port and on a transmit path from the single communications port to the plurality of data channels and is adapted to use a memory to buffer the data when necessary. The communications interface (i) adds a channel identifier, which identifies to which data channel the data relates, to the data on the receive path so that the processor will be able to determine to which data channel the data relates and (ii) removes a channel identifier from the data on the transmit path so that the data will leave the communications interface in the same format in which it was received.

Abstract: A method, system and program product which improves the QoS and GoS of voice and data traffic on an integrated communications network. An RF spectrum allocation application/algorithm provides initial allocation of a percentage of available spectral resources to current voice and data traffic. Each allocated percentage is bounded by a sliding window, which adjusts its location based on the changing need for the resources. Thus, a voice sliding window dynamically adjusts its location to provide additional spectral resources to voice traffic when the voice traffic increases and provides less spectral resources when the voice traffic decreases. Likewise, a data sliding window dynamically adjusts its location to provide additional spectral resources to data traffic when the data traffic increases and provides less spectral resources when the data traffic decreases. The size of each window is determined by input parameters.

Abstract: A method and a network for a universal transfer mode (UTM) of transferring data packets at a regulated bit rate are disclosed. The method defines a protocol that uses an adaptive packet header to simplify packet routing and increase transfer speed. The protocol supports a plurality of data formats, such as PCM voice data, IP packets, ATM cells, frame relay and the like. The network preferably includes a plurality of modules that provide interfaces to various data sources. The modules are interconnected by an optic core with adequate inter-module links with preferably no more than two hops being required between any origination/destination pair of modules. The adaptive packet header is used for both signaling and payload transfer. The header is parsed using an algorithm to determine its function. Rate regulation is accomplished using each module control element and egress port controllers to regulate packet transfer.

Abstract: A system and method for timely maintaining or establishing an R-P connection after a mobile station (MS) roams from the control of an old base station controller (BSC) to that of a new BSC is provided. The process may be initiated during a registration process of the MS, during an origination process, or during a termination process. A Mobile Service Center (MSC), Visitor's Location Register (VLR), or the MS may be used to store the packet data call status information including point to point protocol (PPP) session status information and configuration information about an old BSC including its related cells and PDSNs. In some cases, this information may also be transferred to the new BSC through a BSC to BSC connection.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of requesting retransmission of at least a portion of a message (having a plurality of message segments) from a sender utilizes message units in a memory device for storing data relating to retransmit messages. In particular, each message unit in the memory has data for one message segment. To that end, a retransmit message requesting retransmission of a set of message segments to a given receiver is received from the given receiver. The given retransmit message then is parsed to determine both the identity of the given receiver, and the identity of the set of message segments requested by the given receiver. A message unit then is produced in the memory for each of the set of message segments that does not have an existing message unit in memory. Data representing the identity of the given receiver then is added to all message units for the set of message segments.

Abstract: A method of maintaining synchronization among multiple databases is provided. The method includes the steps of receiving a data update request for a data record at a database, and comparing a timestamp of the data record to a timestamp of the data update request. The data in the data record is updated with the data update request if the timestamp of the data update request is substantially greater than the timestamp of the data record. Otherwise, the data in the data record is updated with the data update request if the operational priority of the data update request is higher than the operational priority of the data record. Alternatively, the data in the data record is updated with the data update request if the node priority of the data update request is higher than the node priority of the data record.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method of detecting, on a per wavelength basis, optical return loss at the output of an optical circuit pack. The optical circuit pack can be, for example, an optical amplifier. At an output port and reflected port of the optical circuit pack apparatus for detecting signals is connected. The output power and reflected power are measured, and the optical return loss is calculated. The return loss may be calculated for signals on one or more wavelength channels.

Abstract: An apparatus for reshaping optical pulses comprises an N×N optical coupler having N ports on each side of the coupler, where N≦3. An input and an output of the apparatus are defined by two of the N ports on one side of the optical coupler, and a length of optical fibre connects two of the N ports on the other side of the optical coupler. The function of transmission versus input power has a negative gradient at the power level of the optical pulses. By virtue of phase shifts within the coupler, the transmission function is selected such that higher power pulses are attenuated more than lower power pulses, which tends to even out pulse powers to a constant level. This helps maintain a constant signal to noise ratio within a system and can extend the number of optical spans of an optical signal before it requires full electrical regeneration.

Abstract: The present invention provides greater capacity in a dynamic allocation of power. First, the invention requires the reduction, not the increase, of signal power in low traffic areas. Because this signal power reduction reduces interference in surrounding high traffic cell site areas, those high traffic cell site areas can re-direct some of this surplus power to support a greater voice and data traffic load. Accordingly, the invention increases capacity of voice and data communications in high traffic areas, where it is needed most, by lowering (and dynamically regulating) the signal power in low traffic cell site areas.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of and apparatus for increasing the capacity of a wireless communication system. This is accomplished by having users that can support a higher than base modulation order be required to do so under predetermined conditions such as electrical distance from a base transceiver station (BTS) antenna to a user, the reception of data in a high speed burst (HSD) and the like. The same digital processor apparatus that may be used to provide a base order modulation scheme may be reprogrammed in a more complex fashion to provide signal processing at the higher modulation rate for any given user channel.

Abstract: IP packets are conveyed through an OSI network by encapsulating the IP packets in OSI packets. When an IP session is started, an OSI destination address is discovered by broadcasting the encapsulated IP packet to every OSI network element that supports a TCP/IP gateway. Tables are maintained to track IP session data for routing subsequent packets associated with an IP session.

Abstract: A receiving circuit having a termination impedance and an equalization capacitor. The receiving circuit is connectable to a signal source having a source impedance through a DC (direct current) blocking capacitor. The value of the equalization capacitor is chosen such that voltage spikes otherwise caused by the blocking capacitor are eliminated. The receiving circuit is especially useful in distributed electronic amplifiers and electro-optic modulators.

Abstract: To facilitate acquisition of lock in a multiple sub-channel carrier scheme, a plurality of time-continuous pilots (102) on known sub-channels are made available to an addressed unit across the frequency spectrum. The addressed unit is then able to select one of these pilots for training purposes and specifically for frequency and phase acquisition (106). The selection is based, typically, on the pilot with either the best signal to noise ratio or the first pilot to satisfy the minimum quality requirements for effective training. Discontinuous carriers, of which there can be several, are then used to identify a symbol boundary at the addressed unit. Once acquisition has been established, the pilots can, if desired, be released to carry low-bit rate traffic, although it is preferable to retain pilot tones for use within the system.

Abstract: A coding scheme to identify the connections an optical fiber is to form in an optical assembly is provided. The coding scheme consists of a series of colors, typically four, provided along the fiber length. The combination of colors identifies the connection the fiber is to form. Colors are transferred to the optical fiber by sublimation of the dye at a relatively low temperature. The sublimed dye then diffuses into the outer coating of the optical fiber.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for CDMA (code division multiple access) access availability to a large cell area, and for traffic channel establishment. A group of cell site modems are configured to look for access attempts generated in respective complete and/or sectorized circular or annular shaped areas centered at the center of the cell area, the areas collectively covering the cell area. To achieve this, each cell site modem has a local clock and the local clock within the first of the cell site modems is synchronized with a standard network time, and the local clock of each of the subsequent cell site modems is offset by a respective delay with respect to the standard network time which causes the cell site modem to search within its respective annular shaped area. A cell site modem is also made available as a traffic cell site modem and is operable to have its traffic acquisition search window centered at a location of an access attempt.

Abstract: A distributed flow control system and method for GPRS networks to control and regulate data flow between multiple sources and a single destination within a GPRS network. The present system and method ensures the departing traffic from all of the sources conforms to the peak and average rate requirements that have been set forth by the BSS/PCU. A leaky bucket flow control mechanism is used at each respective one of the multiple sources for controlling flow of data from each respective source to the single destination. A maximum bucket size of a leaky bucket and a bucket leak rate are defined for each leaky bucket flow control mechanism. A multiplier (L) is estimated and determined for each respective source based on recent data arrival behaviors of the multiple sources. When a frame of the data is sent from the respective source to the single destination, a number of bytes equal to the size of the transmitted frame times the multiplier L is added to the leaky bucket.

Abstract: A system and method for route optimization in a wireless Internet Protocol (IP) network. The system and method send, to a home agent, a data packet; transmit, to a mobile node, the data packet using a first address; maintain a list of correspondent nodes associated with the mobile node; send, to the correspondent node, a binding update message; and transmit, directly to the mobile node, subsequent data packets using the first address. The system and method additionally: transmit, to a home agent, a registration request comprising a new address; transmit, to a mobile node, a registration reply in response to the registration request; compare the new address to an old address; if the new address and the old address are not equal, transmit, to the correspondent node, a binding update message; transmit, to the home agent, a binding acknowledgment in response to the binding update message; and transmit, to the mobile node, all subsequent messages via the new address.

Abstract: A network device is presented comprising a filtering database, a link state database and a controller, coupled to each of the filtering database and the link state database, to process data received from remote network devices based, at least in part, on distance vector information stored in the filtering database, link state information stored in the link state database, and content of the received data.