Abstract: A device includes a multiple-wavelength (e.g., dual wavelength) vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array including a first VCSEL set including one or more first VCSEL to emit first VCSEL radiation at a first wavelength, and a second VCSEL set including one or more second VCSEL to emit second VCSEL radiation at a second wavelength different than the first wavelength. The device includes upstream optics to upstream optics to (a) collimate the first VCSEL radiation emitted by the first VCSEL set and (b) collimate the second VCSEL radiation emitted by the second VCSEL set. The device also includes a vapor cell to receive the collimated first VCSEL radiation and the collimated second VCSEL radiation and to provide an output beam as a function of the received collimated first VCSEL radiation and collimated second VCSEL radiation, and measurement circuitry to analyze the output beam provided by the vapor cell.

Abstract: Reflectarray antenna elements, reflectarrays, and a method of operating an antenna element are described.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for obtaining thermal image data of a body part and a thermal imager are disclosed. The method comprises receiving image data of a body part, the image data including thermal image data, the thermal image data including thermal image data of the body part and background thermal image data, applying a classifier to the image data to detect a profile of the body part, the classifier being configured to use image data other than the thermal image data to perform the detection, generating a mask from said profile, and applying the mask to the thermal image data to remove the background thermal image data and obtain thermal image data of the body part.

Abstract: A sensor or receiver array includes first and second pyroelectrically active electrodes formed of polyvinylidene difluoride and separated by a spacer layer that acts to electrically separate the pyroelectric layers while keeping them close enough such that they see effectively the same vibration or background acoustic excitation while maintaining sufficient separation to ensure that they generate significant differences in their pyroelectric responses. The structure provides two distinct signals (at separate timestamps), the difference between which provides a more accurate signal. An ultrasound detection system includes the tri-laminar sensor, disposed within a detection zone in which a test element can be positioned. The apparatus includes a processing unit, which comprises a detector unit coupled to the first and second pyroelectric elements and configured to derive a differential signal from the first and second pyroelectric elements.

Abstract: A quantum power sensor has a two-level quantum system strongly coupled to a transmission line that supports a propagating wave. A method of measuring power in a transmission line includes coupling a two-level quantum system to the transmission line; and determining the coupling and the Rabi frequency of the two-level system.

Abstract: An optical resonator system comprises an optical resonator (30) and means (32, 42, 44) for coupling into the resonator counterpropagating waves at total intensities such as to produce a non-linear interaction between the first and second waves whereby to break the symmetry to establish different resonant frequencies between the first and second counterpropagating waves whereby to produce different optical effects in the opposite directions. A common light source, e.g. a laser 32, is employed with an amplifier 40 and a modulator 50, or different light sources can be employed.

Abstract: A temporally continuous matter wave beam splitter (14) comprising a plurality of intersecting and interfering laser beam (kr, kb), which act as waveguides for a matter wave beam. The laser beams of the waveguides each have a frequency detuned below a frequency of an internal atomic transition of the matter wave. The matter wave has a wavevector which is an integral multiple of the wavevector of the laser beams within a region of intersection of the laser beams. There is also provided an atomic interferometer (200) comprising such a continuous matter wave beam splitter, and a solid state device comprising such a continuous matter wave beam splitter, which may be part of an atomic interferometer. A cold atom gyroscope, a cold atom accelerometer or a cold atom gravimeter comprising such a solid state device are also provided. There is further provided a quantum computer comprising such a solid state device, wherein atoms of the matter wave beam are in an entangled quantum state.

Abstract: A cyclic peptide (10) includes two domains (D1,D2), each including three charged sub-domains (14, 16). The first domain (D1) includes two anionic sub-domains (14) followed by a cationic sub-domain (16). The second domain (D2) includes two cationic sub-domains (16) followed by an anionic sub-domain (14). The two domains are connected to one another and separated by a tri-glycyl linker (12). The cyclic peptide (10) is able to self-assemble into a network able to mimic an extracelluar matrix, and which promotes cell growth while resisting biofilm formation.

Abstract: A measurement device comprises a high permittivity dielectric resonator (10) with a low microwave loss tangent and having at least a first symmetry axis (z-i); an electrically conductive resonance chamber (100) containing and geometrically similar to the resonator (10) and having a second symmetry axis (z2) coincident with the first symmetry axis (z-i); the resonance chamber (100) having a plurality of similar ports (104) orthogonal to the first symmetry axis (z-i), each such port (104) having a microwave antenna (114), either to inject microwaves into the resonance chamber, thereby to excite an electric field in the resonator, or to receive microwaves from the resonance chamber; and a comparator circuit (200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800) connected to a first one (P1) of the plurality of ports (104) to inject microwaves into the resonance chamber and to another (P2, P3) of the plurality of ports (104) to receive microwaves from the resonance chamber; wherein the measurement device further comprises an electr

Abstract: An optical arrangement, method and measurement system are disclosed. The arrangement includes a first input to receive a first beam from a frequency swept laser, a second input to receive a second beam from a fixed frequency pump laser source. A non-linear optical artifact receives and intermodulates the first and second beams to generate a third beam, the third being an inverted copy of the first beam mirrored relative to the fixed frequency of the pump laser source. A selective combining element outputs the first and third beams. The non-linear artifact or one or both of the lasers is selected or configured such that the optical frequency separation of the first and second beams satisfies the coherence length condition of the non-linear artifact.

Abstract: An electronic circuit assembly comprises a substrate and circuit components attached to the substrate by means of an electrically conductive adhesive, wherein the adhesive is releasable under predetermined release conditions, whereby to enable the circuit components to be removed from the substrate for recovery or re-use.