Abstract: The present invention provides for a display device and a method to manufacture the display device. The display device includes: a transparent layer; a coloring electrode; a separator; a second electrode; an electrolyte permeating throughout the display device; and a back layer positioned on the back side of the display. The transparent layer, which has a top surface and a bottom surface, is positioned at the viewer side of the display. The coloring electrode is positioned on the transparent layer bottom surface and includes: a connected conductor system formed from one or more heterogeneous conductive layers and a coloring layer, with the proviso that the heterogeneous conductive layers are not positioned between the transparent layer bottom surface and the coloring layer. The conductor heterogeneity includes variations in one or more of: conductor material composition; conductor layer dimension; conductor layer pattern; conductor layer grid design, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a display device and a method to manufacture the display device. The display device includes: a transparent layer; a coloring electrode; a separator; a second electrode; an electrolyte permeating throughout the display device; and a back layer positioned on the back side of the display. The transparent layer, which has a top surface and a bottom surface, is positioned at the viewer side of the display. The coloring electrode is positioned on the transparent layer bottom surface and includes: a connected conductor system formed from one or more heterogeneous conductive layers and a coloring layer, with the proviso that the heterogeneous conductive layers are not positioned between the transparent layer bottom surface and the coloring layer. The conductor heterogeneity includes variations in one or more of: conductor material composition; conductor layer dimension; conductor layer pattern; conductor layer grid design, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for printed display, a method of manufacturing a printed display, and a system incorporating a printed display having a porous substrate The printed display includes a porous substrate structure, a first functional layer, a second functional layer, and an electrolyte layer percolated within the porous substrate structure The porous substrate structure may be disposed between the first functional layer and the second functional layer The display may include a third functional layer disposed over or under the first functional layer Alternatively, the display may include a fourth functional layer disposed over the second functional layer.

Abstract: The application describes a device using a display and a method to control the display device in a low power consumption manner. The device may be geared towards disposable use and manufactured using printed electronics techniques. A simple controller system may adapt the state of the device based on type and status of power source(s), or with respect to application specific requirements within the life-cycle of the device.

Abstract: A device is disclosed that combines a battery system with an electrochromic system by judicious selection of electrodes and the connection of the appropriate electrodes to generate internal as well as external current flows. This system allows the elimination of a battery component reducing cost and improving manufacturing yield by reduction of the number of parts and number of interconnections. However, the design can be further extended to the combination of a battery system with a sensing system.

Abstract: The present invention is a driving circuit for use with reflective display devices. In a preferred embodiment, the display device is a pixilated, active matrix electrochromic device. The inventive circuit includes a sampling capacitor and a plurality of inverters. The sampling circuit quickly stores a data voltage. Addressing of a plurality of electrochromic pixels in an active matrix is thereby accelerated. The inverters are coupled to a relatively high and low power source for quickly driving the electrochromic pixel to the stored data voltage. The circuit of the present invention permits rapid refreshing of electrochromic pixels in an active matrix and achieves color gradients without bleaching and recharging the electrochromic pixel.

Abstract: The invention concerns electrochromic compounds of the general formula I. These compounds may be used in electrochromic devices, especially electrochromic devices comprising nanostructured films.

Abstract: A compound for electrochromic devices. One such compound of the invention is dihydro-disubstituted phenazine (VI): wherein R9 is and n=1-10.

Abstract: The invention concerns electrochromic compounds of the general formula I. These compounds may be used in electrochromic devices, especially electrochromic devices comprising nanostructured films.

Abstract: The present invention is an active matrix electrochromic display architecture where the active components are placed on the backplane of the display, thereby maximizing the viewable pixel area. The cathode of the electrochromic pixel is placed on top of the active components, with respect to the viewer, thereby allowing the active components to be as large as desired while not interfering with the viewable area of the pixel.

Abstract: An electrochromic device in which specific channel direction for the conduction of ions is implemented. As a result ionic crosstalk between display pixels is greatly reduced and unwanted transient coloration effects are minimized. Further, specific gel, polymer, or ionic liquid solutions can greatly eliminate the corrosive effects associated with the use of electrolyte salt solutions.

Abstract: A compound for use in electrochromic devices. The compound includes (1) ?-(10-phenothiazyl)propoxy phosphonic acid; (2) ?-(10-phenothiazyl)propyl-phosphonic acid; and (3) ?-(10-phenothiazyl)propionate phosphonic acid.

Abstract: The invention concerns discrete electrochromic particles comprising conducting, semiconducting or insulating nanoparticles having one or more electrochromic compounds adsorbed on the surface thereof. These particles may be deposited on an electrode in a single process step at a relatively low temperature, thereby allowing the use of heat-sensitive materials such as plastics as flexible substrates for the electrode.

Abstract: An electrochromic device in which specific channel direction for the conduction of ions is implemented. As a result ionic crosstalk between display pixels is greatly reduced and unwanted transient coloration effects are minimized. Further, specific gel, polymer, or ionic liquid solutions can greatly eliminate the corrosive effects associated with the use of electrolyte salt solutions.

Abstract: An enhanced reflective layer is described herein for use in a display device. Displays including the enhanced reflective layer are also described. The enhanced reflective layer includes particles that reflect, absorb or emit light with desired properties to enhance the display properties. Use of the enhanced reflective layer in displays allows, among other features, full color active matrix reflective or transflective displays.

Abstract: An electro-optical arrangement includes an electrochromic device which can take either a cleared (transparent) state, a first display state or a second display state, and a driving stage which provides first and second electrode-drive signals to drive the first and second electrodes of the device. At least one of the electrode-drive signals is supplied by way of a polysilicon thin-film buffer. The driving stage in an initial clearing operation outputs approximately equal voltages to the electrodes, which places the device into its transparent state. Subsequently the driver stage applies voltages to the electrodes, such that the device assumes either the first display state or the second display state. In either state it is arranged for the device not to be subjected to more than a safe operating voltage.